QJQ-NOGGIN500NOGGIN 500

Users Manual Version 1.1 Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 ii Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 iii Information on pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest Products Regarding Electromagnetic Emissions Emissions All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other apparatus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional. Sensors & Software Inc. have extensively tested their pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest subsurface imaging products using independent testing houses and comply with the regulations of the USA, Canada, European Community and other major jurisdictions on the matter of emissions. Not all electronic devices have been designed for interference immunity. When placed in close proximity to another device interference may occur. There has never been a report of interference from GPR products to date. If you observe unusual behavior on nearby devices while you are operating a pulseEKKO, Noggin or Conquest product, immediately turn off the product. You can test the cause and affect between the product and the device if the disturbance starts and stops when the product is powered up and shut off. If interference is confirmed, stop using the product. Immunity Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions. One must remember that Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are designed specifically to sense electromagnetic fields. External sources of electromagnetic fields such as TV stations, radio stations and cell phones, can cause detectable signals that may degrade the quality of the data that the products record and display. Such interference is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced practitioner can minimize such problems. In some geographic areas emissions from external sources may be so large as to preclude useful measurements. Such conditions are readily recognized and accepted by the professional geophysical community as a fundamental limitation of geophysical survey practice. Health The interaction of electromagnetic fields with humans is an evolving field of epidemiology although one which creates sensational press headlines. Humans are immersed daily in a sea of electromagnetic fields which cover a wide range of frequencies. Systematic correlation between EM fields and human illness have only been reported at very high powers (millions of times greater than any Sensors & Software Inc. product) for military radar systems operating in the 5000 to 20,000 MHz range where physical burning/heating (basically like a microwave oven) have been reported. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 iv Sensors & Software Inc. monitors the research in this area. To date, the power levels of Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are so small as to be inconsequential compared to other common sources. If you are happy that a cell phone is not hazardous, then Sensors & Software Inc.’s product, being of much lower power, need be of little concern. Also see Appendix B - Health & Safety Certification. Safety Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of subsurface imaging products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are not sufficient to trigger blasting caps. Based on a conservative independent testing house analysis, we recommend keeping the subsurface imaging transmitters at least 5 feet (2m) from blasting cap leads as a precaution. The UXO issue is more complex and standards on fuses do not exist for obvious reasons. To date, no problems have been reported with any geophysical instrument used for UXO. Since Proximity and vibration are also critical for UXO, the best advice is to be cautious and understand the risks. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 v Copyright and Warranty Information Software Licence & Limited Warranty Important: Please read this document carefully before removing the SOFTWARE PRODUCT diskettes from their protective cover or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By removing the diskettes or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to become bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sensors & Software, Inc. at the address indicated at the end of this document. Definition The word PRODUCT as used herein defines any complete Sensors & Software, Inc. ground penetrating radar system comprised of the HARDWARE PRODUCT and SOFTWARE PRODUCT. SOFTWARE PRODUCT Licence Agreement In order to preserve and protect its rights under the applicable laws, Sensors & Software, Inc. (hereafter SSI) does not sell any rights to its software products. Rather, SSI grants the right to use its software, diskettes and documentation (hereafter collectively called SOFTWARE PRODUCT) by means of a SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENCE. You acknowledge and agree that SSI retains worldwide title and rights to all its software and that the PRODUCT contains proprietary materials protected under copyright, trademark and trade secret laws. Grant of SOFTWARE PRODUCT Licence In consideration of payment of the license fee which is part of the price you pay for this product and your agreement to abide by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, SSI grants to you, the Licensee, a non-exclusive right to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT under the following conditions: You may: • use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on a single workstation owned, leased or otherwise controlled by you • copy the SOFTWARE PROD…

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Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 27 the user will find a data image (CART-n.PCX) file on the external computer in the current directory. When the data transfer is complete, on the external computer, exit from the WinPXFER program. Press any button on the DVL to return to the Noggin screen. 5.3.3 View Menu The View function allows the user to scroll back through previously recorded data in the same manner as the Print function (see Section 5.3.2). 5.3.4 Calib. (Calibration) Menu Noggin systems can be used to scan into many different materials including soil, rock, concrete, snow, ice and wood. The radio wave emitted by a Noggin system will travel at different velocities depending on the material being scanned. The depth values on the Depth menu (see Section 5.3.5) and on Depth Lines (see Section 5.2.2) are only accurate if the system has been properly calibrated to determine the velocity of the material being scanned. See Section 5.8.1 for more details about how depth is calculated. The Calibration function allows the user to input the velocity of the material being scanned. Velocity can be determined in one of four different ways depending on the situation: 1) Hyperbola matching 2) Target of known depth 3) Select a media 4) Input a velocity value Hyperbola Matching This is the most accurate way of determining the velocity of the material being scanned because it extracts the speed using data collected in the area. This method may not work in all situations because it depends on having a good quality hyperbola (or inverted U) in the data. A hyperbola is the characteristic Noggin response from a small point target like a pipe, rock or even a tree root. If the hyperbola has long tails on it, we can match the shape of the hyperbola and determine the velocity of the material in the area. With the hyperbola visible on the DVL screen, select the hyperbola (∩) button. This will superimpose a hyperbola on the data. This hyperbola can be moved up (5), down (6), left (3) and right (4) using the appropriate arrow buttons. The goal is move the hyperbola until it lies on top of the hyperbola in the data (see Figure 5-5). Then, the user can adjust the width of the hyperbola to make it wider (34) or narrower (43) until the shape of the hyperbola matches the shape of the hyperbola in the data. After matching the hyperbola, the velocity value is extracted and used for all subsequent data acquisition. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 28 Pressing the up, down left, right, wider and narrow buttons once makes a very small change in the position or width of the hyperbola. These buttons must sometimes be pressed many times to move the hyperbola to the correct position or width. To speed up the movement of the hyperbola, use the REPEAT button. For example, to move the hyperbola up a long distance, press the up button (5) followed by the REPEAT button. The hyperbola will then start moving upward without having to press any more buttons. When it gets close to the desired location press any button to stop it and then use the up, down, left and right buttons to fine-tune the position. The REPEAT button can also be used after pressing the wider (34) or narrower (43) button. Figure 5-5: Hyperbola matching to extract velocity. After pressing the CALIB button a hyperbola appears on the screen (a). This hyperbola should be moved overtop of a hyperbola in the data using the arrow keys. It can then be widened or narrowed to match the shape of the hyperbola in the data (b). When the hyperbola shapes match, the velocity is extracted and used to make depth estimates more accurate in subsequent data. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 29 Hyperbola Matching calibration can only be done during data acquisition. It cannot be done when viewing previously collected data. Further, the Hyperbola Matching calibration is only available after at least half a screen of data with the same depth setting have been collected. If less than half a screen of data are collected and the CALIB button is selected, only calibrations selecting a material or inputting a velocity are available (see below). Depths will appear in metres or feet depending on which units are selected. Velocities appear in both metres per nanosecond (m/ns) and feet per nanosecond (ft/ns). To change units see Section 5.5.1 - Units. Target of Known Depth If there are no suitable hyperbolas visible in the data to perform the Hyperbola Matching described above, it may be the situation that there is a target of known depth in the area being scanned. If this is the case, selecting the button with the circle with a horizontal line through it will superimpose a horizontal line on the data. This line can then be moved up or down until it lies on top of the Noggin response to the known target. Then, the user can adjust the velocity value up or down until the known target depth is correct. Once the depth is matched, the current velocity value is the one used for all subsequent data acquisition. (a) (b) Figure 5-6: Using a target of known depth to extract velocity. After selecting CALIB, choosing the known depth button (a circle with a horizontal line through it) will superimpose a horizontal line on the data (a). Using the depth buttons, this line can then be moved up or down until it lies on top of the Noggin response to the known target (b). Then, the user can adjust the velocity value up or down until the known target depth is correct. Once the depth is matched, the extracted velocity value is automatically used for all subsequent data acquisition. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 30 If units are metres then depths will appear in metres. If units are feet then depths will appear in feet. Velocities appear in both metres per nanosecond (m/ns) and feet per nanosecond (ft/ns). To change units see Section 5.5.1 - Units. Selecting a Media If a good hyperbola or a target of known depth is not available, the user will have to estimate the velocity by selecting th…

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Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 67 6.3 Noggin plus Setup Pressing the number 1 on the main menu selects the Setup item. Setup lists the various parameters that can be edited. These parameters are organized under the following headings: 1 - System Parameters 2 - Cart Parameters 3 - Line Parameters 4 - Grid Parameters 5 – GPS Parameters 6 – Set Defaults To select a setting to edit, press the corresponding number button. Then use the numbered buttons to select the new setting. It is also possible to change all the settings back to the factory default settings by pressing the 6 button (labelled Set Defaults). The SETUP options are outlined below. 6.3.1 System Parameters The System Parameters settings allow the user to view and modify settings specific to the data collection of the Noggin system. This includes the type of Noggin system, the desired depth of investigation, the velocity of the material being surveyed, the units of depth and position, the number of stacks and the amount of linear gain. Depth The depth setting is how deep the radar will try to probe in to the subsurface. It is important to realize that the depth setting is an estimated value that is dependent on the velocity of the material being probed. Ground penetrating radar systems record the time for a radio wave to travel to a target and back. They do not measure the depth to that target directly. The depth to a target is calculated based on the velocity at which the wave travels to the target and back. It is calculated as: D = V x T/2 Where D is Depth (m) V is Velocity (m/ns) T is Two-way travel time (ns) The Depth units can be changed to metres, feet or time in nanoseconds. For details, see Depth Units below in this section. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 68 It is important to remember that just because the Depth setting is set to a certain value, it does not necessarily mean that the Noggin is able to penetrate to that depth and collect data. For example, if the Depth setting is 5 metres but the material penetration is only 3 metres the last 2 metres of the image will not contain subsurface information. Some materials will absorb the Noggin signal and limit penetration to less than the selected depth. If the depth setting is deeper than the Noggin signals penetrate, the data in the lower part of the data screen will look blank or speckled rather than signal with continuity. Velocity The wave velocity depends on the properties of the material. The Noggin plus software allows the user to input a velocity, which changes the total time window collected by the system. See Section 6.2.8 for a discussion about determining velocity. A table of typical radar velocities in various materials is given below. If in doubt, use a value of 0.10 m/ns. This is a good average velocity that will provide a good estimate of depth in most situations. Material Velocity (m/ns) (ft/ns) Air 0.300 1.000 Ice 0.170 0.558 Dry Soil 0.130 0.427 Dry Rock 0.120 0.394 Soil 0.100 0.328 Wet Rock 0.100 0.328 Concrete 0.100 0.328 Pavement 0.100 0.328 Wet Soil 0.065 0.213 Water 0.033 0.108 If units are metres then velocities will appear in metres per nanosecond (m/ns). If units are feet then velocities will appear in feet per nanosecond (ft/ns). To change units see Section 6.3.1 – Depth Units. The Noggin will accept units in metres/nanosecond or feet/nanosecond depending on the Depth Units setting. Depth Units This is the setting for the units of the horizontal depth lines that appear on the screen. The available settings are metres, feet or nanoseconds (ns). If nanoseconds are selected the “depth” lines (see Section 6.2.2) are actually time lines. 1. metres 2. feet 3. nanoseconds Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 69 Noggin System The Noggin System should be set to the type of Noggin currently in use on the Smart System. The Noggins available are: 1. Noggin 250 2. Noggin 500 3. Noggin 1000 Stacks Some materials tend to absorb radar signals and limit penetration. These materials are said to be lossy. When collecting data in lossy areas or areas with a lot of radio frequency noise, one way of increasing data quality is to collect more than one trace at each survey position, average them and save the averaged trace. This is known as “stacking”. Data quality improves because the noise, which is usually random (like white noise on a TV screen with no station in the area), tends to zero when averaged. Consequently, the usable signal is easier to see. This is known as increasing the “signal- to-noise ratio”. The amount of Stacking can vary from 1 to 2048 by factors of 2. While stacking improves data quality, it also forces the user to slow down survey production. The more stacks the longer it takes to collect data at each survey position. Therefore, it is important to find the lowest number of stacks that still reveal the target adequately. For most surveys, stacking 4 times is suitable. See the warning in Section 6.2.7 about losing data if the Smart System is moving too quickly for the Noggin system to keep up. Linear Time Gain As described in Section 6.2.6, the weak signals must be amplified or “gained” to see them on the display. The Gain button described in Section 6.2.6 can be set to a value from 1 to 9 depending on the amount of gain required (1 is lowest gain, 9 is highest gain). There is also a second level of gain available to the user and that is the Linear Gain setting. The default Linear Gain setting of 2.0 is usually adequate for most ground conditions, however, if advanced users find that they are surveying in areas where high Gain button settings are always required to see data, it may be advantageous to increase the Linear Gain setting. Conversely, if the user finds that low Gain button values work to see the data, it may be useful to decrease the Linear Gain setting. For the experienced user, the setting indicates the gain increases per nanosecond. The Linear Gain setting can vary from 0.0 to 5.0 in steps of 0.5. Smart Systems …

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Users Manual Version 1.1 Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 ii Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 iii Information on pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest Products Regarding Electromagnetic Emissions Emissions All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other apparatus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional. Sensors & Software Inc. have extensively tested their pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest subsurface imaging products using independent testing houses and comply with the regulations of the USA, Canada, European Community and other major jurisdictions on the matter of emissions. Not all electronic devices have been designed for interference immunity. When placed in close proximity to another device interference may occur. There has never been a report of interference from GPR products to date. If you observe unusual behavior on nearby devices while you are operating a pulseEKKO, Noggin or Conquest product, immediately turn off the product. You can test the cause and affect between the product and the device if the disturbance starts and stops when the product is powered up and shut off. If interference is confirmed, stop using the product. Immunity Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions. One must remember that Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are designed specifically to sense electromagnetic fields. External sources of electromagnetic fields such as TV stations, radio stations and cell phones, can cause detectable signals that may degrade the quality of the data that the products record and display. Such interference is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced practitioner can minimize such problems. In some geographic areas emissions from external sources may be so large as to preclude useful measurements. Such conditions are readily recognized and accepted by the professional geophysical community as a fundamental limitation of geophysical survey practice. Health The interaction of electromagnetic fields with humans is an evolving field of epidemiology although one which creates sensational press headlines. Humans are immersed daily in a sea of electromagnetic fields which cover a wide range of frequencies. Systematic correlation between EM fields and human illness have only been reported at very high powers (millions of times greater than any Sensors & Software Inc. product) for military radar systems operating in the 5000 to 20,000 MHz range where physical burning/heating (basically like a microwave oven) have been reported. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 iv Sensors & Software Inc. monitors the research in this area. To date, the power levels of Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are so small as to be inconsequential compared to other common sources. If you are happy that a cell phone is not hazardous, then Sensors & Software Inc.’s product, being of much lower power, need be of little concern. Also see Appendix B - Health & Safety Certification. Safety Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of subsurface imaging products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors & Software Inc.’s products are not sufficient to trigger blasting caps. Based on a conservative independent testing house analysis, we recommend keeping the subsurface imaging transmitters at least 5 feet (2m) from blasting cap leads as a precaution. The UXO issue is more complex and standards on fuses do not exist for obvious reasons. To date, no problems have been reported with any geophysical instrument used for UXO. Since Proximity and vibration are also critical for UXO, the best advice is to be cautious and understand the risks. Smart Systems User’s Manual Version 1.1 v Copyright and Warranty Information Software Licence & Limited Warranty Important: Please read this document carefully before removing the SOFTWARE PRODUCT diskettes from their protective cover or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By removing the diskettes or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to become bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sensors & Software, Inc. at the address indicated at the end of this document. Definition The word PRODUCT as used herein defines any complete Sensors & Software, Inc. ground penetrating radar system comprised of the HARDWARE PRODUCT and SOFTWARE PRODUCT. S OFTWARE PRODUCT Licence Agreement In order to preserve and protect its rights under the applicable laws, Sensors & Software, Inc. (hereafter SSI) does not sell any rights to its software products. Rather, SSI grants the right to use its software, diskettes and documentation (hereafter collectively called SOFTWARE PRODUCT) by means of a SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENCE . You acknowledge and agree that SSI retains worldwide title and rights to all its software and that the PRODUCT contains proprietary materials protected under copyright, trademark and trade secret laws. Grant of SOFTWARE PRODUCT Licence In consideration of payment of the license fee which is part of the price you pay for this product and your agreement to abide by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, SSI grants to you, the Licensee, a non-exclusive right to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT under the following conditions: You may: • use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on a single workstation owned, leased or otherwise controlled by you • copy the SOFTWARE PR…

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July 29, 2002 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 U.S.A. Subject: Authority to Act as an Agent to FCC Applicant: Sensors & Software Inc. Product: Noggin Model: 500 FCC ID: QJQ-NOGGIN500 Dear Sir/Madam, Sensors & Software acknowledge the licensing requirements under provisions of FCC Part 90 Rules. Sensors & Software acknowledge the licensing requirements per FCC Section 15.525(c): “The manufacturers, or their authorized sales agents, must inform purchasers and users of their systems of the requirement to undertake detailed coordination of operational areas with the FCC prior to the equipment being operated.” To address this issue in item (c) Sensors & Software Inc. have included the following in their User Manual and have also posted this information on their Web page at www.sensoft.ca: According to FCC 15.525(c) users of GPR equipment must meet the following FCC regulations: (a) UWB imaging systems require coordination through the FCC before the equipment may be used. The operator shall comply with any constraints on equipment usage resulting from this coordination. (b) The users of UWB imaging devices shall supply detailed operational areas to the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology who shall coordinate this information with the Federal Government through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The information provided by the UWB operator shall include the name, address and other pertinent contact information of the user, the desired geographical area of Sensors & Software Inc. July 29, 2002 2 operation, and the FCC ID number and other nomenclature of the UWB device. This material shall be submitted to the following address: Frequency Coordination Branch., OET Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20554 ATTN: UWB Coordination As well, Sensors & Software Inc. have included a form in their user manuals. Yours truly, Sensors & Software Inc. A. P. Annan, Ph.D., P.Eng President

1 July 29, 2002 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 U.S.A. Subject: Authority to Act as an Agent to FCC Applicant: Sensors & Software Inc. Product: Noggin Model: 500 FCC ID: QJQ-NOGGIN500 Dear Sir/Madam, I hereby appoint UltraTech Engineering Labs Inc. (UltraTech) to act as my agent in preparation of this application to F.C.C. for authorization of equipment under F.C.C. Rules. I also certify that the information provided, properly described the device or system for which authorization is required. Yours truly, Sensors & Software Inc. A. P. Annan, Ph.D., P.Eng President

July 29, 2002 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 U.S.A. Subject: Request for withholding from public disclosure the schematic diagrams and system block diagrams pursuant to an application for certification. Applicant:Sensors & Software Inc. Product:Noggin Model: 500 FCC ID: QJQ-NOGGIN500 Dear Sir/Madam, We, Sensors & Software Inc., would like to request that the Technical Documentation including the Parts List, Schematics, System Block Diagrams, and (Noggin 250) System Technical Description submitted with the application for certification be withheld from public disclosure as per Section 0.459 of FCC Rules. This request is made under the provisions of Section 0.457(d) of the Commission's Rules, and Section 552(b)(4) of the Freedom of Information Act. These sections authorize as a withholding from public inspection materials which would be privileged as a matter of law if retained by the person submitting them, and materials which would not customarily be released to the public by that person. If you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact us by our TOLL FREE numbers: OUR TELEPHONE NO.:800-267-6013 Yours truly, Sensors & Software Inc. A. P. Annan, Ph.D., P.Eng. President

Nov. 06, 2002 To: Steve Dayhoff FCC Equipment Authorization Branch From: David Redman Sensors & Software Inc. Re: FCC ID QJQ-NOGGIN500 Applicant: Sensors & Software Inc. Correspondence Reference Number: 24285 731 Confirmation Number: EA845822 1. All references to use on ceilings and walls as deleted from the manual and the Warning is added on Page C2 of the Users Manual. 2. The device was rotated in all directions to determine the maximum emissions direction. 3. The references to gain are on page 45 and 60 and are referring to a multiplication factor that is applied to voltages measured on the receiving antenna. This has no affect on the transmitter pulse which cannot be varied in amplitude or strength. This factor is only used to improve the presentation of the received data on the DVL display screen. The QP measurement at the peak of the fundamental lobe at 487 MHz was measured and recorded in the revised test report. 5. The test data above 1 GHz provided in the test report were measured using Log Periodic Antenna of Sensors and Software. These results were verified again at Ultratech Engineering Labs using a Horn Antenna. The results were found to comply with both Log Periodic tested by Sensors and Software and Horn Antenna tested by Ultratech Engineering Labs Inc. 6. The device does not pulse a CW signal. The pulse applied to the antenna is a short monopulse (width 2 ns at 10% points). A plot of the pulse can be seen on page 5 of in the Technical Description in Operation Description folder. The theoretical center frequency of the pulse is 500 MHz. 7. The 10 dB BW was re-measured with the EUT placed on the 20" thick sand in Peak Detector mode with the EUT rotated in 360 degree and the antenna moved form 1 to 4 meters for determining the maximum 10 dB BW. The result was recorded in the revised test report with the test method. Please note the new 10 dB BW measurement showed the 10 dB BW of 589.3 MHz and the Emission Designation is changed to 589M3N0N. 8.The antennas are shielded on five sides as described in the document NOGGIN 500 Technical Description on page 3. The shield can also be seen i…

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