O2700001-30-30Millimeter wave transmitter

Terabeam Gigalink Field Installation and Service Manual Version 2.1 September, 2002 THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS. (1) THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE, AND (2) THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED, INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION. IF THIS PRODUCT IS SUSPECTED OF CAUSING HARMFUL INTERFERENCE WITH OTHER EQUIPMENT, DISCONTINUE OPERATION IMMEDIATELY AND CONTACT TERABEAM. FCCID # O2700001-30-30 Table of Contents iii Terabeam Gigalink Field Installation and Service Manual Document Number: 045-1032-0000 / Revision: Draft Release Date: TBD / Print Date: 12/10/02 Proprietary and Confidential Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction 1-1 Gigalink Product Family 1-1 Reliability 1-1 Gigalink Model XXX Description and Specifications 1-2 FCC Compliance Statement 1-4 2 Gigalink Installation Quick Guide 2-1 Unpacking the Kit and Verifying Components 2-2 Gigamon Software Installation 2-4 System Requirements 2-4 Gigamon Setup and Installation Procedure 2-5 Electrical Services 2-6 Network Interfaces 2-8 Mechanical Installation 2-11 Selecting the Optimum Terminal Mounting Method 2-15 Rough Mechanical (Visual) Alignment 2-16 Final Terminal Alignment 2-16 Radio Terminal Power-Up 2-17 Using Gigamon Software for Precision Alignment 2-18 Verifying Network Operation 2-22 3 Gigamon Software 3-1 Descriptions of Gigamon Components and Their Functions 3-2 Terminology 3-3 Color Convention 3-3 Components of the Main Window 3-3 Triggering Parameters and Threshold Setting Dialog Box Details 3-12 4 Terminal Maintenance and Troubleshooting 4-1 Maintenance 4-1 Troubleshooting 4-1 Recommended Troubleshooting Steps 4-14 5 Terabeam Technical Assistance 5-1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 Terabeam Gigalink Field Installation and Service Manual Document Number: 045-1032-0000 / Revision: Draft Release Date: TBD / Print Date: 12/10/02 Proprietary and Confidential 1 Introduction Gigalink Product Family The Terabeam ® Gigalink millimeter wave radio system represents an entirely new approach to broadband communications. Based on our extensive experience with millimeter wave systems for military and research applications, we now apply these techniques to a commercially priced version with our ultra-broadband family of Gigalink radio products. The Gigalink broadband radio system operates in the FCC Part 15.255 unlicensed band covering a frequency range of 57.05 – 64.0 GHz. Due to the unlicensed status of this band, FCC license or special authorization is not required to operate our Gigalink systems. In addition, the high atmospheric absorption of RF energy at this frequency virtually eliminates any chance of interference from competing systems or unauthorized interception of the broadcast signal. The installation procedures detailed within this guide are similar to those used to install any wireless system. In fact, certain attributes of the 57.05 – 64.0 GHz band actually simplify deployment. The key to any successful installation project is proper planning and design. The Gigalink radio product has been designed for ease of installation and trouble-free operation. We recommend that you read and fully understand this guide prior to initiating the actual installation work. As stated above, the key to successful installation is proper system planning and execution. As with most wireless systems, the Gigalink radio system requires un-obstructed Line of Sight (LOS) to operate reliably. Because of the extremely high data bandwidth provided by the Gigalink system (1.25Gbps) it is likely that our radio systems will be utilized as a critical or primary network connection. This absolute reliance on our systems for connectivity demands a focused attention to detail in order to assure un-interrupted operation. Reliability All Gigalink products are designed to provide a minimum statistical path availability of 99.99% (BER < 1 x 10 –9) when operated within the recommended range envelope. Exceeding the specific model range restrictions will result in unreliable operation particularly during adverse weather. Statistical availabilities in excess of 99.99% may be achieved by choosing the next longer range system for a given path or by co-locating two Gigalink systems. Traditional circuit redundancy methods utilizing collapsible ring architectures or media diversity may also increase statistical availability. 1-2 Chapter 1 Introduction Terabeam Gigalink Field Installation and Service Manual Document Number: 045-1032-0000 / Revision: Draft Release Date: TBD / Print Date: 12/10/02 Proprietary and Confidential Gialink Model 6451e Specifications Data Transmission Bit Rate 1.25Gbps Full Duplex Protocol Gigabit Ethernet (1000BaseFX) Interfaces Data FC Connector (850-nm MMF) Monitor/Management (Ethernet) RJ-45 Connector and FC Connector (1310nm MMF) DC Power Proprietary 3 terminal DC Receptacle and Connector Kit Operational Parameters Frequency Range 57.05 – 64 GHz Output Power 10mW (antenna injection) Antenna Type Integral 13” parabolic Antenna Gain 40dBi, Min. Beam Width 1.0 o , Max. Regulatory Compliance Electrical CE – 60950 (Pending) Electromagnetic FCC – Part 15.255, Certification #O2700001-30-30 CE – EMC and R&TTE Directive (Pending) Power DC Input Voltage -48 VDC +/- 20% Maximum DC Input Current 1.5 Amperes DC Power Consumption 75 Watts Environmental Operating Temperature -20°C to 50°C (-4°F to 122°F) Storage Temperature -30°C to 85°C (-22°F to 185°F) Relative Humidity Up to 95%, Non-Condensing Mechanical Transceiver H x W x D 33 x 33 x 20 cm (13.0 x 13.0 x 7.9 in.) Transceiver Weight 17 lbs (7.7 kg) FCC Compliance Statement The Terabeam Gigalink family of products is type-certified for unlicensed operation in compliance with FCC Part 15.255. Terabeam Gigalink radio products are factory set for frequency, frequency stability and transmitter power levels. No user-authorized adjustments are provided. Changes or modifications not expres…

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External Photos Model: 6451e FCC ID: O2700001-30-30 Model: 6451e FCC ID: O2700001-30-30 Model: 6451e FCC ID: O2700001-30-30

Internal Photos Model: 6451e FCC ID: O2700001-30-30 Final Terminal Assembly Disassembled 40dBi Parabolic Antenna with Radome mounted Sub-reflector -48VDC, DC-DC Converter Board Receiver Clock Data Recovery Circuit (top) Receiver CDR Circuit (Bottom) SNMP Media Converter (Top) SNMP Media Converter (Bottom) SNMP Monitor Board

Emission Bandwidth The radio accepts a 1.25 Gbps (digital) data input and uses it to directly modulate the RF carrier via. On/Off Keying (“OOK” or “DDM” for “direct digital modulation”): therefore, “1s” and “0s” from the digital input directly correlate to “On” and “Off” bursts of RF which are amplitude detected by the (remote) receiver and interpreted as digital “1s” and “0s”. In the frequency domain, OOK (or DDM) modulation of the RF carrier (theoretically!) results in a double side band / suppressed carrier (“DSB-SC”) spectrum; for RC-filtered modulations (the limiting case being sinusoids) only two sidebands corresponding to the sinusoidal modulation frequency appear (see Figure 1). For digital modulations where pulse integrity is high, the fast rise/fall times generate additional (“secondary”) sidebands at odd harmonic frequencies of the modulation fundamental frequency as shown in Figure 2. In a practical radio however, some RF carrier leakage is inevitable and the sidebands will be centered about the RF leakage signal as shown in figure 3. For “instantaneous” observation of the entire spectrum on an average basis, the pseudorandom test pattern of a Bit Error Rate test set can serve as the modulation data input – for this case, the readout from a spectrum analyzer will look like Figure 4 where the many sideband amplitudes follow a (Sin x ) 2 / x 2 envelope. Note that in all cases for OOK modulation, the bandwidth of the primary sidebands (in Hz) is equal to the data rate (in bps), i.e., the bandwidth of either primary sideband for a 1.25 Gbps data rate is 1.25 GHz. -f m f c +f m -3f m -f m f c +f m +3 fm Figure 1 – Sidebands for Figure 2 – Sidebands for Fast Rise/Fall time Square Wave RC-filtered Square Wave OOK Modulation OOK Modulation -3f m -f m f c +f m +3f m Figure 3 – Sidebands for a Practical Transmitter (showing RF carrier leakage), for Fast Rise/Fall time Square Wave OOK Modulation Page 1 of 2 Figure 4 – Modulation Envelope for a Pseudorandom NRZ Test Pattern Providing OOK Modulation Page 2 of 2

1.0 Theory of Operation The radio accepts a 1.25 Gbps (digital) data input and uses it to directly modulate the RF carrier via. On/Off Keying (“OOK” or “DDM” for “direct digital modulation”): therefore, “1s” and “0s” from the digital input directly correlate to “On” and “Off” bursts of RF which are amplitude detected by the (remote) receiver and interpreted as digital “1s” and “0s”. On/Off Keying (“OOK”) is the simplest and oldest form of Amplitude Modulation (“AM”): early implementations include the Morse telegraph where a DC current was simply turned On/Off. Even today, radio amateurs routinely use AM transmissions for long range communications. The functional implementation of OOK with a sinusoidal modulation signal is illustrated in Figure 1 where the output of the RF carrier is multiplied by an On/Off modulating signal. sideband/carrier 1.1 Modulation by a Sinusoid amplitudes set by “M” A sin ω c t -f m f c +f m (RF Carrier) Output = (A sin ω c t)(1+ M sin ω m t) +1 = A sin ω c t + AM (sin ω c t )(sin ω m t) -1 1+ M sin ω m t , M > 0 2 “RF ON” (modulation signal) 0 “RF OFF” Figure 1 - Functional Implementation of OOK with a Sinusoidal Modulation Signal Since (sinX)(sinY) = ½ cos (X-Y) + ½ cos (X+Y), then Output = A sin ω c t + AM/2 cos (ω c - ω m )t + AM/2 cos (ω c + ω m )t where: A sin ω c t = carrier component AM/2 cos (ω c - ω m )t = “lower sideband” component AM/2 cos (ω c + ω m )t = “upper sideband” component In particular, note that • Amplitude Modulation inherently generates a single carrier • Amplitude Modulation (for a sinusoidal modulation signal) inherently generates two sidebands of equal amplitude which are equally spaced in frequency by ± ω m (the modulation frequency) from ω c (the carrier frequency) • The sideband amplitudes relative to that of the carrier is (M/2); “M” is generally referred to as the “modulation index”. Page 1 of 6 1.2 Modulation by a Square Wave Consider the case where the modulating signal is a square wave: since the square wave is equivalent to a series of sinusoids (having various amplitudes), the RF modulated output will simply consist of the product of the carrier signal and each equivalent sinusoidal component of the square wave, thus generating many lower and upper sidebands. For a 50% duty cycle square wave, the relative amplitudes of the equivalent sinusoidal components (and therefore the relative amplitudes of the modulation sidebands) follow the familiar (sin x)/x function (for voltage waveforms; for power, the relative amplitudes of the sidebands will follow a [(sin x)/x ] 2 function since (power) ∝ (voltage) 2 ). Note that the equivalent sinusoidal components of the 50% duty cycle square wave will consist only of sinusoids at the same fundamental frequency as the square wave and all odd harmonics. For a square wave having other than a 50% duty cycle, the equivalent sinusoidal components will consist of sinusoids at the same fundamental frequency as the square wave and all harmonics. 1.3 Modulation by a Digital Word For the case where the modulation frequency is a digital word consisting of a defined number of bits (either 1s or 0s), the equivalent modulation square wave frequency is defined by the amplitude envelope established by the 1s and 0s in the digital word. For example, if the digital word consists of four 1s followed by four 0s, and each bit is 0.8 nS in duration, then the equivalent modulation waveform is a 50% duty cycle, 156.25 MHz square wave as shown in Figure 2). 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 T = 6.4 nS f = 1/ T = 156.25 MHz Figure 2 – Modulation Signal is a Digital Word For the case where the digital word shown in Figure 2 is the modulation signal, the RF spectrum frequency components over a ± 800 MHz bandwidth will appear as shown in Figure 3; the relative sideband amplitudes will follow the [(sin x)/x ] 2 function (for power), and the modulation index M will determine the sideband amplitudes relative to the carrier. -781.25 -625 -468.75 - 312.5 -156.25 f c +156.25 312.5 468.75 625 781.25 Figure 3 – RF Power Spectrum over a ± 800 MHz Bandwidth Page 2 of 6 Note that for OOK modulation with square wave modulation signals, the receiver bandwidth (in Hz) is equal to the data rate (in bps); for example, the receiver bandwidth needed to support a 1.25 Gbps data rate is 1.25 GHz. 1.4 Single-Sideband Operation For square wave modulation signals, the output spectrum is theoretically infinitely wide, which of course is unacceptable for practical transmissions. Since each sideband has a complete “copy” of signal data within it, it is feasible to transmit only a single sideband; since the two primary sidebands have the greatest energy per Hz, then either primary sideband is a good choice. Note that increasing the receiver bandwidth to “capture” additional energy beyond the two primary sidebands will actually reduce S/N because the higher- order sidebands contain much less energy per Hz (due to the sideband amplitudes following the [(sin x)/x ] 2 function). Therefore, in order to meet allocated spectrum constraints, only one sideband is transmitted in the GigaLink radio: this is accomplished by band-limiting the modulated RF prior to sending it to the antenna (see Figure 4). Bandpass Filter (1.5 GHz wide) (passes only one sideband) Carrier Modulation Signal (Sin x) 2 / x 2 Modulation Envelope Single sideband (lower or upper) Figure 4 – Band-Limiting the Modulated RF 1.5 Radiated Spectrum Using the test set-up shown in Figure 5, actual radiated spectrum plots are detailed below. Page 3 of 6 “Data Out” Ext. Mixer Anritsu MP1632A 1.25 Gbps GigaLink Digital Data copper/fiber Radio Analyzer media conv. (DUT) Std. Gain Horn F/O Data Input DC Power “ Data Out “ IF LO In Out Tektronix Scope Spectrum TDS 794D Analyzer 2 GHz (4 Gs/s) HP 8563E Figure 5 – Test Set-Up For “instantaneous” observation of the entire spectrum on an average basis, the pseudorandom test pattern of the Anritsu Data Analyzer serves as the modulation data input – for this case, the d…

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1 Compliance Notes for the FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields The following demonstrates that FCC ID O2700001-30-30 qualifies for certification under the FCC guidelines for human exposure to RF fields. This evaluation is demonstrated based on OET Bulletin 65, Edition 97-01, hereafter ”the Bulletin”. To qualify under Part 15.255, the peak power density of an RF device must be less than 18 ìW/cm 2 at 3 meters and the average power density must be less than 9ìW/cm 2 at 3 meters. where: S=PG = EIRP 4ðR 2 4ðR 2 S = power density (in appropriate units, e.g. mW/cm 2 ) P = power input to the antenna (in appropriate units, e.g., mW) G = power gain of the antenna in the direction of interest relative to an isotropic radiator R = distance to the center of radiation of the antenna (appropriate units, e.g., cm) The Equivalent Isotropic Radiation Power (EIRP) is evaluated as 20.35 W for peak and 10.17 W for temporal average power density, based on the equation (3) provided by the Bulletin. Figure 1. Part 15.255 Device Peak power = 18 μW/cmAverage power = 9 μW/cmEquivalent Isotropic Radiation Power(EIRP)Peak power = 20 WAverage power =10 WSphere 3 m radius3m Figure 1. Part 15.255 Device Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels of Part 15 device are set for occupational / controlled exposure is 5 mW/cm 2 over a six - minute average. and general public / uncontrolled exposure is 1 mW/cm 2 over a 30-minute average. When the radiation source is at 3 meters or further away from exposed subject, it is evident that safety limit is met Since the 15.255 limits 18 W/cm 2 . Let us consider the worse-case scenario, with a point like RF source, the power density increases as the subject approaches the source as a square function of distance and eventually becomes infinite. Even under this worst case the MPE limits are always met farther than 28.4 cm from the radiation source. 2 3 meters awayPeak power = 18W/cmAverage power =9 W/cm mm12.7 cm awayPeak power = 10 mW/cmAverage power =5 mW/cm28.4 cm awayPeak power = 2 mW/cmAverage power =1 mW/cmImaginary Point source Figure 2. Estimated Maximum Permissible Exposure for Part 15.255 Device Therefore the safety question arises only at within 28.4 cm from the source. Approximation method for the power density of the surface of antennae is specified as Equation (11) of the bulletin. S surface = 4P where: S surface = maximum power density at the antenna surface A P = power fed to the antenna A = physical area of the aperture antenna Type Aperture (A) Gain (G) Near Field Efficiency (ç) Antenna Injection Power (P) Cassegrain 804 cm 2 40 dBi 545 cm 0.49 10 dbm peak (10 mW max.) 6 dBm Average (4 mW ave.) The Power density of the Antenna surface= 0.049 mW/cm 2 (peak) And 0.020 mW/cm 2 (Average) Therefore the surface of the antenna meets the requirement. Furthermore, the equipment under test has antennas that are covered and sealed with a plastic (ABS) radome covering the surface of the antenna and it is not accessible. The near field is defined as the Fresnel region provided by the Equation (12) of the bulletin. The region of the question (less than 28 cm) falls into the defined near field based on the Bulletin. where: Rnf = extent of near-field D = maximum dimension of antenna (diameter if circular) λ= wavelength Rnf = D 2 4λ The method for estimating the power density in the near field of antennae is specified as Equation (13) of the bulletin. where: The region of the question (less than 28 cm) falls into the defined near field based on the Bulletin. The method for estimating the power density in the near field of antennae is specified as Equation (13) of the bulletin. Snf = 16ηP πD 2 where: S nf = maximum near-field power density h = aperture efficiency, typically 0.5 - 0.75 P = power fed to the antenna D = antenna diameter The Power density at the near field = 0.024 mW/cm 2 (peak) And 0.096 mW/cm 2 (Average) Therefore, as long as the device has a radome, and the distribution point of the radiation is covered and is inaccessible to the general public, the device clearly meets MPE requirements.

REPORT: EC0959-1FCC ID: O2700001-30-30 _____________________________________________________________ Curtis-Straus LLC •• 527 Great Road •• Littleton, MA •• TEL (978) 486-8880 •• FAX (978) 486-8828 AC Line Conducted Emission Measurements LIMITS Quasi-Peak: 250μV = 47.9dBμV in the range 450kHz to 30MHz [47 CFR 15.207(a) Revised as of October 1, 2001] Note: On July 12, 2004, FCC adopts the conducted emissions limits of the European CISPR 22 standard as outlined below Frequency of emission (MHz) Quasi-peak limit (dBμV) Average limit (dBμV) 0.15-0.566 to 56*56 to 46* 0.5-55646 5-306050 *Decreases with the logarithm of the frequency. [47 CFR 15.207(a) Revised as of October 1, 2002; amended by ET Docket 98-80; FCC 02-157, published in the Federal Register Vol. 67, No. 132, on Wednesday, July 10, 2002] MEASUREMENTS AC Mains Conducted Emissions Curtis-Straus LLC Date:21-Mar-03Company:TerabeamTable No: Engineer: Evan Gould EUT Desc: Gigalink Work Order: C0959 Notes: AC side of DC supply Test Site: LISN(s): Red Range: 0.15-30Mhz Other Equipment: --- Spectrum Analyzer:Blue Q.P. ReadingsAve. Readings Impedance Factor FCC B Applicable until July 12, 2004 FCC/CISPR BFCC/CISPR B Overall FrequencyQP1QP2AV1AV2LimitMarginqp Limitqp MarginAVE LimitAVE MarginResult (MHz)(dBμV)(dBμV)(dBμV)(dBμV)(dB)(dBμV)dB(dBμV)dB(dBμV)dB(Pass/Fail) 0.3710.410.720.0--- --- 58.5-27.848.5-17.8Pass 6.427.06.420.047.9-20.960.0-33.050.0-23.0Pass 12.804.86.420.047.9-21.560.0-33.650.0-23.6Pass 17.505.15.620.047.9-22.360.0-34.450.0-24.4Pass 23.704.34.420.047.9-23.560.0-35.650.0-25.6Pass 28.505.07.220.047.9-20.760.0-32.850.0-22.8Pass Table Result:Passby-17.80dBWorst Freq:0.37MHz