OUSCU1800BTD1800-Watt UHF Digital Transmitter

INSTRUCTION MANUAL Axciter Digital Modulator/Upconverter System AXCERA, LLC 103 FREEDOM DRIVE P.O. BOX 525 LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA (724) 873-8100 • FAX (724) 873-8105 www.axcera.com • [email protected] Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Table of Contents Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 i March 22, 2007 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1 MANUAL OVERVIEW..........................................................................................................................................1 AXCITER OVERVIEW..........................................................................................................................................1 SAFETY...............................................................................................................................................................2 Read All Instructions.....................................................................................................................................2 Retain Manuals..............................................................................................................................................2 Heed Notes, Warnings, and Cautions............................................................................................................2 Follow Instructions........................................................................................................................................2 Cleaning........................................................................................................................................................2 Ventilation.....................................................................................................................................................2 Replacement Parts.........................................................................................................................................3 RETURN MATERIAL PROCEDURE........................................................................................................................3 WARRANTY FOR BROADCAST PRODUCTS...........................................................................................................4 Limited One-year Warranty...........................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS......................................................5 INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................................5 SETUP AND OPERATION PROCEDURES..............................................................................................................10 MODULATOR OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW..........................................................................................................10 USER INTERFACE..............................................................................................................................................11 Navigating the User Interface.....................................................................................................................11 User Interface Conventions.........................................................................................................................13 SCREEN DISPLAYS AND DETAILS......................................................................................................................15 Axciter Main Screen....................................................................................................................................15 Control and Status Screen...........................................................................................................................16 Signals Status Screen...................................................................................................................................17 Channel Offset Example..............................................................................................................................18 AXACT Equalizers.......................................................................................................................................19 Clock and Power Status Screen...................................................................................................................21 LED Status Screen.......................................................................................................................................22 History.........................................................................................................................................................24 DTVISION LINEAR - OPTIONAL.......................................................................................................................25 DTVision Linear Home/ Spectrum Screen...................................................................................................26 DTVision Constellation Screen....................................................................................................................27 DTVision Eye Screen...................................................................................................................................28 Linear Equalizer Graph...............................................................................................................................29 Linear Quad Display Screen.......................................................................................................................30 DTVISION NON-LINEAR - OPTIONAL...............................................................................................................31 DTVision Non-Linear Home/Spectrum Screen.........................................................................................…

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Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 28 DTVision Eye Screen I-Signal Eye Display Graphic display of the eight data amplitude levels. This can be used to monitor the demodulated 8VSB signal. When signal is precise, the seven vertical "eyes" will appear (this display shows two sets). Linear or non-linear distortion in the modulator process will cause incorrect I-signal amplitude at center of "eye" pattern. Transmitter distortion such as group delay, frequency tilt, or ripple will cause the "eye" to close and result in receiver data errors. . Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 29 Linear Equalizer Graph Linear Equalizer Display: This display shows the characteristics of the linear adaptive equalizer. The horizontal axis is frequency (0 to 5.38 MHz). There are two traces on this display. One shows the amplitude of the equalizer's response in decibels, and the other shows the group delay of the equalizer in nanoseconds. The vertical scale for the amplitude display is along the left side of the display. The range is always –3 to +3 decibels. The group delay scale automatically scales itself to the equalizer data, and the minimum and maximum values appear along the right side of the scale. Since this display shows the equalizer characteristics, the channel (transmitter) characteristics, which are being corrected, will be the inverse of the equalizer. For example, if the equalizer shows a rising amplitude response with increasing frequency, then the transmitter has a falling amplitude response with increasing frequency. The same inverse relationship also holds with respect to group delay. In normal operation, the amplitude response will be generally flat, and the group delay curve will drop off at the frequency extremes (near 0 and 5.38 MHz) because of the channel filter's group delay. Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 30 Linear Quad Display Screen Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 31 DTVision Non-Linear - Optional This section contains information regarding the DTVision Screens. These screens are optional diagnostic screens. They are not necessary for the operation of the Axciter. However, they greatly enhance the experience. These graphs provide the same type of views as an EFA. All of the Nonlinear screens have the following reference values displayed EVM The error vector magnitude (EVM) value indicates quality of the digital modulation. EVM is defined as the RMS error at the sampling instants divided by the RMS of the ideal symbols. The error is expressed as a percentage. As signal quality increases, this value decreases. S/N The transmitted signal quality is also expressed as an in-band signal to noise ratio, expressed in dB. As signal quality increases, this value will increase (logarithmically). DAC Headroom ever negative, then there is clipping in the IF modulator, nonlinear equalizer, and/or the DAC. If this happens, lower the unity gain reference point for the nonlinear equalizer. EVM The error vector magnitude (EVM) value indicates quality of the digital modulation. EVM is defined as the RMS error at the sampling instants divided by the RMS of the ideal symbols. The error is expressed as a percentage. As signal quality increases, this value decreases. S/N The transmitted signal quality is also expressed as an in-band signal to noise ratio, expressed in dB. As signal quality increases, this value will increase (logarithmically). Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Headroom This parameter shows the amplitude (in dB) of the equalized IF signal with respect to the maximum output from the digital to analog converter (DAC). A positive value indicates normal operation and no clipping. If this value is ever negative, then there is clipping occurring in the IF modulator, nonlinear equalizer, and/or the DAC. If this happens, lower the unity gain reference point for the nonlinear equalizer. Peak to Average Ratio This value shows the peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal. This value is typically 6 to 8 dB for a perfect signal. A value significantly lower will indicate peak compression. A small amount of peak compression is normal. Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 32 This parameter shows the amplitude (in dB) of the equalized IF signal with respect to the maximum output from the digital to analog converter (DAC). A positive value indicates normal operation and no clipping. DTVision Non-Linear Home/Spectrum Screen Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 33 DTVision Peak to Average Screen Peak to Average Ratio Display: This screen shows the peak to average ratio in a statistical fashion. The red trace shows the ideal signal's peak to average ratio statistics, and the yellow trace shows the statistics of the transmitter's output. The curves show the cumulative distribution function of the peak to average ratio's probability density. The horizontal scale shows the peak to average ratio measured in decibels. The vertical scale shows the percentage of the time that the peak to average ratio exceeds the value on the horizontal scale. The vertical scale is logarithmic. When the transmitter is clipping signal peaks, the low probability, high peak to average portion of the (yellow) curve for the transmitter's output will appear to the right of the (red) curve indicating the ideal signal. Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 34 Nonlinear Phase Amplitude Display Digital ATSC Exciter-Modulator System Chapter 2, Installation and Operating Instructions Axcera Axciter, Rev. 0 35 Non…

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Instruction Manual Innovator, CU5-1800BTD/BRD, ATSC Transmitter/ Regenerative Translator Axcera, LLC 103 Freedom Drive, P.O. Box 525 Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA PHONE: 17248738100 • FAX 17248738105 www.axcera.com • [email protected] Innovator CU5-1800BTD/BRD ATSC Transmitter/ Table of Contents Regenerative Translator Instruction Manual, Rev. 0 i 8/4/09 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................1 Manual Overview ............................................................................................1 Assembly Designators .....................................................................................1 Safety ...........................................................................................................1 Contact Information........................................................................................2 Return Material Procedure ...............................................................................2 Limited One Year Warranty for Axcera Products..................................................3 Unpacking and Installation................................................................................11 Unpacking ...................................................................................................11 Installation ..................................................................................................11 Tray Slide Installation................................................................................12 AC Input Connections.......................................................................................12 Input and Output Connections...........................................................................14 Initial On Site Turn On Procedure.......................................................................18 Typical System Operating Parameters ................................................................19 Typical Problems, Indications and Causes ...........................................................20 LCD Display and Front Panel LED Indicators ........................................................21 System Remote Connections .............................................................................22 LCD Front Panel Screens...................................................................................24 Operation Screens ........................................................................................25 Set Up Screens ............................................................................................30 System Description ..........................................................................................36 (Optional) Innovator CXB Series Web Ethernet Interface ......................................38 Circuit Descriptions of Boards in the CU5, CU30, CU50, CU100 & CU125 Systems....42 (A1) 8 VSB Demodulator Board (1308275) - Only used with BRD operation .........42 Overview..................................................................................................42 Microcontroller Functions............................................................................42 Jumper and DIP Switch Settings..................................................................42 (A2) Digital Modulator Board (1304883), Part of the Digital Modulator ................42 w/Power Conditioner (1309629) .....................................................................42 SMPTE310 Input ......................................................................................42 Channel Coder ..........................................................................................43 Analog Output Section ...............................................................................43 Pilot Frequency Generation.........................................................................43 Voltage Requirements................................................................................43 (A3) IF Pre-Corrector Board (1308796) ...........................................................44 PinDiode Attenuator Circuit........................................................................44 In Phase and Quadrature Corrector Circuits..................................................45 Frequency Response Corrector Circuit..........................................................46 ALC Circuit ...............................................................................................46 Input Fault and Modulation Fault Circuitry ....................................................47 ±12 VDC, +6.8 VDC, and VREF needed to operate the Board .........................47 (A4) Frequency Agile Upconverter Board (1309695) .........................................48 (A5) ALC Board, Innovator CX Series (1308570) ..............................................49 (A6) Amplifier Assembly (1309621) – Used in the CU5......................................50 (A6A1) 2 Stage UHF Amplifier Board, 24V (1309608) ...................................50 (A6) Amplifier Assembly (1312566) – Used in the CU30 and CU50 .....................51 (A6A1) 2 Stage UHF Amplifier Board (1308784) ..........................................51 (A6A2) RF Module Pallet w/Philips Transistors (1300116)..............................51 (A6) Amplifier Assembly (1312191) – Used in the CU100 & CU125 .....................52 (A6A1) 1 Watt UHF Amplifier Module (1310282) ..........................................52 Innovator CU5-1800BTD/BRD ATSC Transmitter/ Table of Contents Regenerative Translator Instruction Manual, Rev. 0 ii 8/4/09 (A6A2) BL871 Single Stage Amplifier Board (1311041).................................52 (A6A3) Dual 878 Pallet Assembly (1310138) ...............................................52 (A7) Output Detector Board (1308685 or 1312207 in the CU100BTD/BRD)..........53 (A8) Control Card, Innovator CX (1312543)................................…

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Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-1 2. EXTERNAL PHOTOS 2.1 Front view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-2 2.2 Rear view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-3 2.3 Front View, External Axciter Digital Modulator 2.4 Rear View, External Axciter Digital Modulator Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-4 2.5 Top View, External Axciter Digital Modulator Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-5 2.6 Front view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter (100-Watt Driver Tray) 2.7 Rear view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter (100-Watt Driver Tray) Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-6 2.8 Front view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter (Power Amplifier Tray x4) 2.9 Rear view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter (Power Amplifier Tray x4) Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report External Photos November 2009 2-7 3.0 Side View, Bandpass Filter

Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Type Acceptance Report ID Label/Location Info November 2009 1-1 1. ID LABEL/LOCATION INFO 1.1 Rear Panel FCC Label 1.2 Rear Panel Manufacturer’s Label Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Type Acceptance Report ID Label/Location Info November 2009 1-2 1.3 Rear view, Axcera-CU1800BTD Transmitter with FCC Label and Manufacturer’s Label

Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Internal Photos November 2009 6-1 6. INTERNAL PHOTOS 6.1 Top view, CU1800BTD Transmitter (100W Driver tray) Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Internal Photos November 2009 6-2 6.2 Top view, CU1800BTD (Power Amplifier Tray x4) Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Internal Photos November 2009 6-3 6.3 Bottom view, CU1800BTD (Power Amplifier Tray x4) Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Internal Photos November 2009 6-4 6.4 Top View, Axciter Digital Modulator

Axcera-CU1800BTD Equipment Authorization Report Operational Description November 2009 8-1 8. OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION - MODEL Axcera-CU1800BTD 8.1 General Description The CU1800BTD is a complete 1800watt UHF solidstate, digital television transmitter. It operates at a nominal output power of 1800 watts average. 8.2 Technical Specifications Type of Emission ...................................................................... 6M00K1D Frequency Range ..................................................... 722 MHz to 728 MHz Output Power............................................................ 1800 watts average 8.3 Performance Specifications Operating Frequency Range ...................................... 722 MHz to 728 MHz RF output  Nominal: Power ............................................................ 1800 watts average Impedance..................................................................... 50 ohms Connector ..................................................................... “7/8” EIA Regulation of Output .........................................................................3% SignaltoNoise Ratio (SNR) ........................................... 30 dB or better Carrier Frequency Stability ........................................................±1000 Hz Data Interface: Input Rate.....................................................19.39 Mbps, 6 MHz Channel Input Interface............................................... SMPTE 310M (ASI optional) Electrical Requirements Power Line Voltage .....................................................230 volts, 50/60 Hz Power Consumption............................................................. 11,000 watts Environmental Maximum Altitude ................................................................... 8,500 feet Operational Temperature Range ........................................... 0°C to +50°C Axcera-CU1800BTD Equipment Authorization Report Operational Description November 2009 8-2 Mechanical Dimensions: Width ............................................................................... 22.00” Height .............................................................................. 76.00” Depth ............................................................................... 34.00” Weight.......................................................................... 450 lbs 8.4. System Overview The CU1800BTD is made up of the trays/assemblies listed in Table 81. Table 8-1. CU1800BTD Major Trays and Assemblies MAJOR ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR TRAY/ASSEMBLY NAME A1 Axciter Digital Modulator A2 100W Driver Tray A3 Power Amplifier Tray A4 Power Amplifier Tray A5 Power Amplifier Tray A6 Power Amplifier Tray 8.4.1 Axciter Digital Modulator The Axciter 8VSB modulator accepts an ASTC transport stream in SMPTE 310 Format input and outputs an 8VSB IF signal centered at 44 MHz. The 44 MHz IF signal is upconverted to the desired channel by the upconverter located in the upconverter tray or, in a sledbased system, as an upconverter sled mounted in the driver/amplifier chassis assembly. The signal generation function of the Axciter is also referred to as the “forward signal path” in this manual. There is also a “reverse signal path” that is used for automatic adaptive equalization. Two transmitter output samples are taken from directional couplers located before and after the channel mask filter and are applied to the upconverter tray or the external Relay. The upconverter tray also contains a downconverter that converts the RF sample to an IF output. In a sledbased system, the downconverter sled is mounted in the driver/amplifier chassis assembly. The downconverted IF transmitter sample is digitized by the Axciter modulator. It is then demodulated in nonreal time software. The result is analyzed to calculate linear and nonlinear adaptive equalizers to improve the transmitted signal quality by compensating for the nonlinear compression of the power amplifier, and the linear distortions (mostly group delay effects) of the channel filter. When a linear adaptive equalizer is being calculated, the transmitter sample is taken after the channel mask filter so that its linear distortions can be “seen.” When a nonlinear adaptive equalizer is being calculated, the transmitter sample is taken before the channel mask filter, so that the distortion sidebands being generated by the power amplifier can be seen (the channel filter would remove the outofband sidebands). Axcera-CU1800BTD Equipment Authorization Report Operational Description November 2009 8-3 The Axciter modulator contains a standard Personal Computer. The PC performs user interface functions and the numerical processing necessary for the adaptive linear and nonlinear equalization. The PC is not in the forward signal path; if it fails the exciter will continue to generate a signal with the most recently calculated equalization. 8.4.2 Driver Tray The Transmitter Driver provides an On Channel output signal at 1800 Watts. 8.4.2.1 (A4) Frequency Agile Upconverter Board (1309695) The board takes a 44 MHz or 36 MHz IF signal and converts it to a TV channel in the range of 54860 MHz. The IF input signal, (≈8dBm level), is connected to J6 on the board. The IF first passes through a frequency response precorrector, consisting of R145, C188, R 146 and C189. The precorrector circuit compensates for any response variation in the ceramic filter used to pick the appropriate conversion sideband. The precorrected signal is then converted to a second IF centered at 1044 MHz using U16, U18 and associated components. The signal is next applied to a second mixer, U15, where it is converted to the final RF channel frequency. The signal is then sent to a low pass filter that removes unwanted conversion products above 1 GHz, amplified by U21 passed to another low pass filter that removes unwanted conversion products above 1 GHz, amplified by U20 and connected to J7 the RF output jack for the board (≈3dBm l…

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Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Parts List/Tune-up Info November 2009 7-1 7. PARTS LIST/TUNE-UP INFO 7.1 Parts List The transmitter, can be subdivided as follows: External Axciter Modulator Tray Driver Tray: 8 VSB Modulator Board Power Conditioning Board Digital Modulator Board Pre-Corrector Board ALC Board Output Detector Board Control Card Board Frequency Agile Upconverter Board Two Stage UHF Amplifier Board Amplifier Module Astec Switching Power Supply Switching Power Supply Power Amplifier Tray: (x4) Splitter Board Analog Bias Board (x4) Combiner Board Current Metering Board Control Board Switching Power Supply (x2) 7.2 Tune-Up Information This transmitter was aligned at the factory and should not require additional adjustments to achieve normal operation. This transmitter is of a tray design with multiple boards inside the tray. If a board fails, that board needs to be changed out with a replacement board. The failed board can then be sent back for repair. 7.2.1 Set-Up of the Output Power of the Transmitter Check that the Auto/Man switch S1 on the IF Pre-Corrector Board is in the Automatic ALC position. This is the normal operating position for the switch. The voltage at TP1 on the IF Pre-Corrector Board should be .8 VDC with 100% output power. Check that the Auto/Man switch S1 on the ALC Board is in the Automatic ALC position. Adjust R75 the ALC pot on the ALC Board as needed to attain 100% output power. Switch to Manual Gain (Manual ALC) and adjust the Manual Gain pot R62 for 100 % output power. Switch the ALC Board back to Automatic ALC. 7.2.2 ALC Board Set-Up In the Tray On (A5) the ALC Board (1308570), preset the Overdrive Threshold pot R38 full CW and set R62, Manual Adjust, and R75, ALC Adjust, full CCW. Axcera-CU1800BTD FCC Equipment Authorization Report Parts List/Tune-up Info November 2009 7-2 Apply an 8-VSB signal at -3 dBm average level to the J1 input jack to the tray. Switch S1 to Manual Gain, and increase the output power to 100%. Calibrate the transmitter output power using R23, Forward Calibration pot, on the Output Detector Board. Turn the output power down to 10% power. Remove the output RF connector from J2 on tray and calibrate the reflected power to 10%, using R7, the Reflected Calibration pot, on the Output Detector Board. Re-connect the RF output connector to the tray and increase the power, in Manual gain, to 110%. Adjust the Overdrive pot R38, CCW until the overdrive threshold just trips and the Overdrive Fault LED DS4 lights. Turn the pot slightly CW so that power comes back up and DS4 goes out. Switch S1 to ALC. Turn the ALC Adjust pot R75 until the power is 100%. Switch S1 between ALC and Manual to verify smooth switching, with minimal change in power. Switch the tray Off and insert a 10 dB attenuator at the input. Switch the tray On and verify the input fault LED comes on and the RF power Mutes. Output power should drop by at least 20-30 dB. Switch the tray Off and remove the 10 dB attenuator. Replace the input connector and turn the tray back on. With the tray in ALC, use the ALC Adjust pot, R75, to decrease the power to 10%. Remove the RF output connector from the tray. Verify that the VSWR Cutback LED, DS6, comes on and the Reflected Power drops to approximately 6%. Reconnect the RF output connector and increase the power back up to 100%. This completes the set up of the ALC board. 6 MHz -35 dB -110 dB 3 MHz 6 MHz Figure 3: Typical Digital Spectrum 7.2.3 Linearity Correction Adjustment (Non-Linear Distortions) As shipped, the transmitter was preset to include amplitude and phase pre-distortion. The pre-distortion was adjusted to approximately compensate the corresponding non-linear distortions of the Power Amplifier. NOTE: On (A3) the IF pre-corrector board (1308796), check that the correction enable/disable jumper W4 on J8 is in the Enable position, between pins 2 & 3. Set up a spectrum analyzer with 30 …

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