QFPTGP77AUPCS Handset Model: esc!

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SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS 183 SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) is op- erated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its ac- curacy and maintenance. The system is sub- ject to changes that could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equip- ment. Any navigation instrument can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. To reduce the risk, carefully review this Owner ́s Manual and, when navigating compare the indications from this product to all available navigation sources including the information from other navigation in- struments, visual sightings, maps, charts, etc. TELEMATICS PROTOCOL MPTP (Mobile Phone Telematic Protocol) allows, among other things, tracking of the phone over the SMS communication. Automatically sent telematics messages are only allowed to authorised numbers listed in the phone. Such numbers can be, e.g. emergency and service center numbers. Position of the phone is retrieved by the GPS, or by the network parameters (the lat- ter is a network-dependent service). The carrier for telematics messages is an SMS- message. Deliveries of all messages is fully handled by and in the responsibility of the GSM network operator and services can vary substantially. The charge of a protocol message is deter- mined on the contract by the service pro- vider. 184 SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS EMERGENCY CALLS The phone is an aid and should never be re- lied upon as an only emergency device. Its functionality is dependent on GSM network and GPS satellites which may not be avail- able all the time. To make emergency calls, the phone must be turned on and located in an area with ad- equate GSM network signal strength. Some networks also require that a valid SIM card is inserted in the phone. Emergency calls may not be possible on all GSM phone networks or when certain net- work services or phone features are in use. In unclear cases, consult your network op- erator. GENERAL The phone may cause TV or radio interfer- ence if used in close proximity to receiving equipment. The FCC can require you to stop using the phone if such interference cannot be eliminated. Vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas (such as propane or butane) must comply with the National Fire Protection Standard (NFPA-58). For a copy of this standard, con- tact the National Fire Protection Associa- tion, One Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, Attn: Publication Sales Division. Normal operation •Hold the phone as you would hold any other phone, with the antenna pointed up and over your shoulder. Do not touch the antenna unnecessarily when the phone is in use, because it affects call quality and may cause the phone to oper- ate at a higher power level than needed. SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS 185 Power supply •This equipment is intended for use with the following power supplies: batteries BBL77N and BBL77P, mains charger CMA- 70-230 (with cable FMC-70), and cigarette lighter charger CCS-71-12. Any other usage will invalidate any approval given to this apparatus and may be dangerous. •Only use approved batteries, antennas and chargers. The use of any unautho- rized accessories, modifications or attach- ments may be dangerous and voids the phone warranty if said accessories cause damage or a defect to the phone. •Make sure, the batteries and spare batter- ies are kept away from conductive materi- als, such as coins, jewelry, keys, and other metal objects, because close contact of these materials and batteries can cause short-circuit, injury, burns or some other damage. Be especially careful when plac- ing batteries inside your pocket, purse, or other container with metal objects. •When you disconnect the power cord of any accessory, grasp and pull the plug, not the cord. Other accessories •Any other accessories used should also be approved by the phone manufacturer. Check the compatibility of new power supply units and other accessories at the dealer. •Only qualified personnel should install or service the phone or its accessories. Faulty installation or service may be dan- gerous and may invalidate any warranty which may apply to the unit. Magnetic cards •The mobile phone contains small mag- netic components. Even though the mag- netic fields of the components are weak, they might damage magnetic cards, such as bank and credit cards. We recommend that you would keep your mobile phone away from magnetic cards. 186 SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS Computers •Remember that using the phone close to a computer may cause interference. When using your phone near such equipment keep a distance of about one meter. Body parts •When the phone is in operation do not touch the antenna with eyes, mouth or bare skin to guarantee proper function. Children •Keep the phone and its accessories away from small children to avoid causing injury to themselves or others. Damage to the phone or its accessories is also thus avoided. Posted facilities •Turn off your phone in any facility where posted notices so require. •Also follow the country-specific regula- tions applicable to where you are using the phone. Potentially explosive atmospheres •Turn off the phone at refuelling points, e.g. gas stations. Also observe restrictions on the use of radio equipment in fuel depots, chemical plants or where blasting operations are in progress because remote control RF devices can cause an explosion or fire. •Do not store or carry flammable liquids, gases or explosive materials in the same compartment as the phone, its parts or accessories. SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS 187 Hospitals •Turn your phone off before entering hos- pitals or other health care facilities where medical electronic equipment may be in use. Such devices can be extremely sensi- tive to radio frequency interference. Only use the phone with permission and under the instruction of hospital staff. Hearing aids and other medical devices •Remember that any personal medical devices (such as hearing aids or pacemak- ers) may be affected by R…

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TUNEUP REQUIREMENT: The phones are factory tuned, and therefore, the customer will not have need to tune again.

Report No. IXS-0202 February 2002 SARA2 Interpolation and Extrapolation schemes SARA2 software contains support for both 2D cubic B-spline interpolation as well as 3D cubic B-spline interpolation. In addition, for extrapolation purposes, a general n -th order polynomial fitting routine is implemented following a singular value decomposition algorithm presented in [1]. A 4 th order polynomial fit is used by default for data extrapolation, but a linear-logarithmic fitting function can be selected as an option. The polynomial fitting procedures have been tested by comparing the fitting coefficients generated by the SARA2 procedures with those obtained using the polynomial fit functions of Microsoft Excel when applied to the same test input data. Interpolation of 2D area scan The 2D cubic B-spline interpolation is used after the initial area scan at fixed distance from the phantom shell wall. The initial scan data are collected with approx. 10mm spatial resolution and spline interpolation is used to find the location of the local maximum to within a 1mm resolution for subsequent 3D scanning. Extrapolation of 3D scan For the 3D scan, data are collected on a spatially regular 3D grid having (by default) 6.4 mm steps in the lateral dimensions and 3.5 mm steps in the depth direction (away from the source). SARA2 enables full control over the selection of alternative step sizes in all directions. The digitised shape of the head is available to the SARA2 software, which decides which points in the 3D array are sufficiently well within the shell wall to be ‘visited’ by the SAR probe. After the data collection, the data are extrapolated in the depth direction to assign values to points in the 3D array closer to the shell wall. A notional extrapolation value is also assigned to the first point outside the shell wall so that subsequent interpolation schemes will be applicable right up to the shell wall boundary. Interpolation of 3D scan and volume averaging There are two procedures implemented for this. The first scheme is that which has been used in previous versions of the SARA software. The second is a new implementation adapting the surface of the ‘cube’ to conform with the curved inner surface of the phantom (Appendix C.2.2.1 in EN 50361). Original scheme This evaluates a volume average centred on each point of the scanned 3D array. Around each point a finer grid is defined with a side corresponding either to a 1g averaging volume or a 10g volume and a value at each point of this finer grid is interpolated using a least-squares inverse distance average of the contribution from all the nearest grid points in each direction. Points lying outside the shell are ignored. The values from the finer grid within the shell are averaged to provide the result. Conformal scheme For each row of data in the depth direction, the data are extrapolated and interpolated to less than 1mm spacing and average values are calculated from the phantom surface for the row of data over distances corresponding to the requisite depth for 10g and 1g cubes. This results in two 2D arrays of data which are then cubic B-spline interpolated to sub mm lateral resolution. A search routine then moves an averaging square around through the 2D array and records the maximum value of the corresponding 1g and 10g volume averages. For the definition of the surface in this procedure, the digitised position of the headshell surface is used for measurement in head-shaped phantoms. For measurements in rectangular, box phantoms, the distance between the phantom wall and the closest set of gridded data points is entered into the software. Related measurement parameters defined in EN 50361 dbe - the distance between the surface and the closest measurement point used for the cube averaging process For measurements in box-shaped phantoms, this distance is under the control of the user. The effective distance must be greater than 2.5mm as this is the tip-sensor distance and to avoid interface proximity effects, it should be at least 5mm. A value of 6 or 8mm is recommended. For automated measurements inside the head, the distance cannot be less than 2.5mm, which is the radius of the probe tip and to avoid interface proximity effects, a minimum clearance distance of x mm is retained. The actual value of dbe will vary from point to point depending upon how the spatially-regular 3D grid points fit within the shell. The greatest separation is when a grid point is just not visited due to the probe tip dimensions. In this case the distance could be as large as the step-size plus the minimum clearance distance (i.e with x=5 and a step size of 3.5, dbe will be between 3.5 and 8.5mm). dstep - the separation between the first and second closest points, assuming that the boundary effect at that location is negligible The default step size used is 3.5mm, but this is under user-control. The compromise is with time of scan, so it is not practical to make it much smaller or scan times become long and power-drop influences become larger. dss - the uncertainty to the SAR measurements through the accuracy and repeatability of positioning The positioning system specification for the repeatability of the positioning is +/- 0.04mm. dph - the shape and the thickness of the phantom shell The phantom shell is made by an industrial moulding process from the CAD files of the SAM shape, with both internal and external moulds. For the upright phantoms, the external shape is subsequently digitised on a Mitutoyo CMM machine (Euro C574) to a precision of 0.001mm. Wall thickness measurements made non-destructively with an ultrasonic sensor indicate that the shell thickness away from the ear is 2.0 +/- 0.1mm. This has been confirmed by mechanical measurements on available cut surfaces of the phantom shells. dmis - the alignment between position of the probe and the phantom For the upright phantom, the alignment is based upon registration of the rotation axis of the phantom on its 253…

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IMMERSIBLE SAR PROBE CALIBRATION REPORT Part Number: IXP – 050 S/N 0082 March 2002 Indexsar Limited Oakfield House Cudworth Lane Newdigate Surrey RH5 5DR Tel: +44 (0) 1306 631 233 Fax: +44 (0) 1306 631 834 e-mail: [email protected] 2 INTRODUCTION This Report presents measured calibration data for a particular Indexsar SAR probe (S/N 0082) and describes the procedures used for characterisation and calibration. Indexsar probes are characterised using procedures that, where applicable, follow the recommendations of CENELEC [1] and IEEE [2] standards. The procedures incorporate techniques for probe linearisation, isotropy assessment and determination of liquid factors. Calibrations are determined by comparing probe readings with theoretical computations in canonical test geometries, using normalised power inputs. Each step of the calibration procedure and the equipment used is described in the sections below. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 1. Equipment Used For the first part of the calibration procedure, the probe is placed in a calibration jig as pictured in Figure 1. In this position the probe can be rotated about its axis by a belt driven by a stepper motor. The probe is attached to an amplifier that is connected via an optical cable to a PC. A schematic representation of the test geometry is illustrated in Figure 2. A balanced dipole (900 or 1800 MHz) is inserted horizontally into the bracket attached to a second belt (Figure 1). The dipole also can be rotated about its axis. A cable connects the dipole to a signal generator, via a coupler and power meter. The signal generator is used to output a signal of 900 (or 1800) MHz at constant power, which is monitored on the power meter. The probe is positioned so that its sensors line up with the rotation center of the dipole. By recording E-field measurements as both the probe and the dipole are rotated, the spherical isotropy of the probe can be determined. The calibration process requires E-field measurements to be taken in air, in 900 MHz simulated brain liquid and in 1800 MHz simulated brain liquid. When it is necessary to place the probe in liquid, a rectangular box made from PMMA (200mm internal width, 200mm internal height and 100mm internal depth; wall thickness 4mm) is filled with the appropriate liquid and positioned on the stand so that the probe tip is centered within the liquid (Figure 1). The box is positioned so that its outer surface is 2mm from the dipole. 2. Linearising probe output The probe channel output signals are linearised in the manner set out in Refs [1] and [2]. The following equation is utilized for each channel: U lin = U o/p + U o/p 2 / DCP (1) 3 where U lin is the linearised signal, U o/p is the raw output signal in voltage units and DCP is the diode compression potential in similar voltage units. DCP is determined from fitting equation (1) to measurements of U lin versus source feed power over the full dynamic range of the probe. The DCP is a characteristic of the schottky diodes used as the sensors. For the IXP-050 probes the DCP values are typically 0.10V (or 20 in the voltage units used by Indexsar software, which are V*200). 3. Optimizing channel sensitivity factors in air The first step of the calibration process is to calibrate the Indexsar probe to a W&G EMR300 E-field meter in air. The principal reasons for this are to balance the channels in air and to obtain air factors that are used in subsequent steps of the calibration procedure. The probe and a 900 MHz standard dipole are positioned in the calibration jig as outlined in the section above. With the Indexsar probe located in air, individual channel output voltages are recorded as probe and dipole are rotated. An ‘air factor’ is applied to each of the probe’s three channels in order to equilibrate the peak magnitudes of each channel. A multiplier is applied to factors to bring the magnitudes of the average E-field measurements as close as possible to those of the W&G probe. The following equation is used (where output voltages are in units of V*200): E air 2 (V/m) = U linx * Air Factor x + U liny * Air Factor y + U linz * Air Factor z (2) It should be noted that the IXP-050 probes are optimised for use in tissue simulating liquids and do not behave isotropically in air. 4. 900 MHz Liquid Calibration The second phase of calibration requires the channel output voltages of the Indexsar probe to be measured in a box filled with 900 MHz simulated brain liquid. The box of liquid is placed on the stand as described above and as pictured in Figure 1. Channel outputs for the different orientations of probe and dipole are recorded and entered into a spreadsheet. These measurements are multiplied by the previously determined air factors. Another factor, referred to as the ‘liquid factor’ is also applied to the measurements of each channel. The magnitude of the liquid factor for each channel is selected so as to optimise the isotropy of the probe (i.e. equilibrate the peak magnitudes of the three channels) in the liquid. The following equation is used (where output voltages are in units of V*200): E liq 2 (V/m) = U linx * Air Factor x * Liq Factor x + U liny * Air Factor y * Liq Factor y + U linz * Air Factor z * Liq Factor z (3) 4 A chart of the spherical isotropy for probe 0082 is shown in Figure 3. The rotational isotropy is also determined. With the dipole at 90 ○ to the probe axis the rotational isotropy for probe 0082 is +/- 0.25 dB (Figure 4). The final step of the 900 MHz calibration requires the measurement of SAR decay in a generic, spherical phantom and fitting the measured data to one of the two following theoretical predictions of the decay profile: a) SAR decay curve modelled using a 200mm diameter sphere energised by a balanced dipole in a ‘benchmark configuration’ developed as part of an Eureka Project [3]; or, b) SAR decay curve modelled by Flomerics [4] using a sphere and a balanced dipole in a similar test configuration. To measure SAR decay the…

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IXS208 Positioning of the phone (EN 50361 Reference 7.2.2.4): Tests should be undertaken of the repeatability of phone positioning as influenced by the various operators of the equipment undertaking repeated positional alignments. To obtain an adequate statistical measure of this effect, it is recommended that the probe is positioned statically in the high SAR region of the head whilst spot SAR measurements are recorded after each repositioning of the handset. The upright head geometry is expected to be of benefit here as visual inspection of the phone alignment with the phantom surface is considerably facilitated. taken as ±10% Worst case. The use of the plastic mounting blocks fixed to the phone helps minimise re-positioning uncertainties. To aid the consistency of phone placement against the SAM phantom, it is useful to use a marker pen (or similar) to mark the location of the speaker on the side of the handset. In this way, the phone can be lined up accurately with the ear mouth line on the phantom and the speaker can be located directly over the ear point. The upright phantom geometry makes the reproducibility of this set up process easier to achieve than with a bath phantom. We believe that the +/- 10% figure is a reasonable worst case estimate and that it would be possible to justify a lower uncertainty if repositioning tests were done by the staff involved.

The response of Indexsar SAR probes to amplitude modulated (pulsed) RF signals (IXS0211) SAR probes are required to measure the effective value (RMS value) of the electric field strength. The averaging time is defined in the standards as being over 6 minutes but with most of the sig- nals that occur in the real world, such a long averaging time is unnecessary since the fluctuations are eliminated with significantly shorter averaging times. With most signals, a much shorter aver- aging time is sufficient. For example the GSM frame rate is 120mS and averaging over this time period will remove the fluctuations. In diode probes, a single Schottky diode is used as the detector for each of the three channels (X, Y and Z). For small field strengths, these offer a very good approximation to a true RMS recti- fier. For higher field strengths, higher or lower values than the RMS value can be displayed - depending on the modulation frequency. The theoretical maximum deviation from the RMS value can be derived based on the behavior of the two extremes [1]: An average-value rectifier • displays a value proportional to the average value of the magnitude of a measured quan- tity. A peak-value rectifier • displays a value proportional to the peak value of the magnitude of a measured quantity The proportionality factor for a practical probe is chosen so that the probe reads the true RMS value for a continuous (CW) signal. For pulsed signals, a diode rectifier must deliver a value lying somewhere between the two ex- tremes of an average value rectifier and a peak value rectifier. By way of example, for a GSM signal with a 1 in 8 duty cycle (ratio of ‘on’ time to total time), the power measurement at higher powers can vary between being a factor of 8 too low (average value extreme) and a factor of 8 too high (peak-value extreme). The actual behaviour is complex as it depends on the period of the modulation in relation to vari- ous time constants in the measuring system. These include the holding time of the diode (typi- cally 50 uS), the time constant of the high-resistance leads and the time constant and integration periods of the measurement electronics. Also, the modulation periods are complex – GSM has a basic burst rate of 4.615mS, but the full modulation scheme only repeats every 120mS. Keller [1] analysed how readings displayed by a diode probe vary from the correct values for a range of different modulation schemes and source combinations. He discounted simple models of the rectifier as being inadequate. Keller’s solution was to devise a complex rectifier model the solution of which required the use of sophisticated numerical simulation techniques in the time domain. He gives an example of a GSM source assuming that only one carrier frequency and one time slot of the source are active (as with a handset). Figure 1 illustrates the measurement errors of the diode rectifier used in an EMR20 E-field probe. For medium field strengths, a value is indi- cated that is too low by a maximum factor of 1.57 for E (2.46 for power). For very high field strengths, the result is too high by a factor of 1.66 for E (2.76 for power). Figure 1: Display error for GSM signal (1 in 8), showing the situation with the greatest error in the direction of an average-value rectifier from Keller [1]. The basic characteristics of a diode sensor probe such as that illustrated in Figure 1 are such that it underestimates GSM signals at medium field strengths and overestimates GSM signals at very high field strengths. For CW signals, the probe channel output signals are linearised in the manner set out in Refs [2] and [3]. The following equation is utilized for each channel: U lin = U o/p + U o/p 2 / DCP (1) where U lin is the linearised signal, U o/p is the raw output signal in voltage units and DCP is the diode compression potential in similar voltage units. DCP is determined from fitting equation (1) to measurements of U lin versus source feed power over the full dynamic range of the probe. The DCP is a characteristic of the schottky diodes used as the sensors. For the IXP-050 probes the DCP values are typically 0.10V (or 20 in the voltage units used by Indexsar software, which are V*200). To correct for the errors due to the diode response to pulsed signals, a multiplier can be added to the second term of Equation 1. In principle, this multiplier can have a range for a GSM signal of between 8 and 1/8. The correction scheme will U lin = U o/p + U o/p 2 * PCF/ D…

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