OHTVACS599072

Revised 10/19/98 c:\ready_to_convert\doc\32525.doc VACS - Vehicle Access Control System • VACS is a combined vehicle control and security system which utilizes RFID technology. • This system allows a driver to enter and start a vehicle without a mechanical key while maintaining ahigh level of security. Unlocking the Vehicle * WAKING UP SYSTEM * If the vehicle is unused for greater than an hour then it is necessary to wake up the system using one of thefollowing methods: Hold the transponder in position for up to 5 seconds.Pressing an interior door release switch.Starting the engine. FROM OUTSIDE• Slowly pass the transponder in front of the Access Reader. This will unlock the door for 5 seconds. • For optimum performance hold transponder 3-6 inches from Access Reader FROM INSIDE• A transponder is not needed to open a door from the inside. • Press the interior door unlock switch. This will also unlock the door for 5 seconds. • The side and bulkhead doors may be unlocked manually by pushing the tab on the locking mechanismand pulling the door at the same time. • The rear rollup door may be unlocked manually by pushing the tab which is located on the bottom ofthe locking mechanism while unlatching and pulling the the door up. Note: The system may be operated a maximum of 3 times per minute. If a fourth attempt is made,the Access Reader will flash a RED LED and not operate. EMERGENCY ENTRANCE• In the event of a dead battery, the vehicle may be entered with a key via the rear rollup door INTERIOR LIGHTS• The interior lights will be activated when:(1) a transponder is read by one of the Access Readers (2) one of the doors is opened (3) the ignition is shut off • If no doors are opened after the interior lights are activated, the lights will extinguish after 10 seconds. • If a door is opened, the lights will extinguish 10 seconds after the door is closed. • If a door is left open, the interior lights will extinguish after 5 minutes. Starting & Stopping Vehicle• Vehicle will not respond unless it reads a programmed transponder • Make sure all doors are closed tight. While pressing the GREEN START SWITCH , a flashing RED LED on the Ignition reader indicates that a door is ajar. • For optimum performance hold transponder 2-6 inches from Ignition Reader ACTIVATING ACCESSORIES• Place hand above the ignition control reader and press the GREEN START SWITCH for less than 1/2 second. This will activate the accessories STARTING ENGINE• Place hand above ignition control reader and press the GREEN START SWITCH for more than 1/2 seconds Note: You have 10 seconds after the start switch is released to try and restart the vehicle. If this time has expired, the red stop switch has to be pressed, and then the green start switch has to bepressed again to start the engine. STOPPING ENGINE• No transponder is needed to shut off the accessories or the engine. • Press RED STOP SWITCH for more than 1/4 seconds. Engine will stop and interior lights will activate for 10 seconds. Security ModesThere are three security modes:Door Opened The security system will be armed 10 seconds after a door is opened.Alarm is triggered via motion sensors.All doors must be closed to start vehicle. Door Closed An exterior door must first be opened. The security system will then be armed 10seconds after all exterior doors are closed.Alarm is triggered via motion sensors and door sensors.All doors must be closed to start vehicle. Maintenance The security system will not activate.The vehicle may be started with open doors. Changing Security Mode• Place ignition in either Accessories ON or Engine Run mode. • Using either a wrist band transponder or Master Fob , press the BLACK ALARM CONTROL SWITCH . • When using the Master Fob, modes will cycle between Door Open - Red LED illuminated Door Closed - Yellow LED illuminated Maintenance - NO LED illuminated • When using a wrist band, modes will cycle between Door Open - Red LED illuminated Door Closed - Yellow LED illuminated Note: Maintenance mode cannot be entered with a wrist band. • Starting the engine with a Master Fob will automatically place the vehicle in maintenance mode. Disarming/Deactivation of Alarm• The Alarm can be deactivated by any of the following methods:(1) A valid transponder code is read by a Access Reader. (2) Starting the vehicle with a valid transponder or master code. (3) Placing the vehicle in “programming” mode via the ignition switch module. If the alarm is disarmed/deactivated and the vehicle is not started, the system will armitself after 10 seconds! Revised 10/19/98 c:\ready_to_convert\doc\32525.doc VACS - Transponder Programming • Programming can be conducted at any of the readers on the vehicle. Allsystem modules will receive the new codes via a communications bus. • The system can hold up to 10 unique codes. • All Access Readers which are not the source of programming will be inactive while in programming mode. This state is indicated by constant illuminationof the red LED. • The system provides 3 programming functions.(1) Add new transponder codes to an existing bank of codes in memory (10 maximum) (2) Delete current transponder codes in memory and add new codes (3) Change Master Code and delete current transponder codes in memory Programming via Access ReaderAdd new transponder codes to an existing bank of codes in memory • Slowly pass the Master Fob by the Access Reader and observe that the red LED in the Access Reader will flash once. This indicates that the system is in the add mode of operation. • Slowly pass an unprogrammed transponder by the Access Reader and observe that the red LED willquickly flash twice. This indicates that the transponder has been added to the systems’ memory. • You may continue to add codes to the systems’ memory by simply passing unprogrammed transponders by the Access Reader. • There are three methods of exiting this mode of operation.(1) Pass a programmed transponder by the reader (for example, the transponder that was just added)…

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STRATTEC SECURITY CORPORATION / 3333 West Good Hope Road, Milwaukee, WI 53209 / 414.247.3333 / Fax 414.247.3329 March 10, 1999Time: 10:00 a.m. To:FCC Authorization & Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21045-0429 From: Michael FeuchtPhone: (414) 247-3364 Project EngineerFax: (414) 247-3329 Applicant: Strattec Security CorporationE-Mail: [email protected] Dear Ladies and/or Gentlemen: I appoint Kenneth L. Boston and James Blaha at L.S. Compliance, Inc., to act as an agent in the preparation under Part 15 of the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission. I certify that the exhibitions properly describe the device being submitted under this application and will implement any changes described in the test report. The labels described will be affixed to each item. The following statement is required by the Federal Communications Commission: By checking Yes, the applicant certifies that, in the case of an individual applicant, he or she is not subject to a denial of federal benefits, that included FCC benefits, pursuant to section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1998, 21 U.S.C 853 (a), or, in the case of a non-individual applicant (e.g. corporation, partnership, or other unincorporated association), no party to the application is subject to a denial of federal benefits, that includes FCC benefits, pursuant to that section. XYesNo Dated this 10th day of March, 1999 By:Michael Feucht Title:Project Engineer / Strattec Security Corporation Phone:(414) 247-3364

VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM March 15, 1999 ACCESS CONTROL MOUDULE BLOCK DIAGRAM ACCESS READER TRUCK NOT USED STRIKER COIL NOT USED MANUAL DOOR SWITCH MICRO CONTROLLER SERIAL BUS CONTROLLER EEPROM MEMORY RF LIMITER RF SWITCH TUNING ANTENNA TI RFM MODULE AMPLIFIER FSK DEMOD LOGIC CNTL TX IR AMPLIFIER HIGH GAIN SWITCH IR PRESENCE DETECTED RED HARDWARE RED VOLTAGEREGULATOR AUXILIARY VOLTAGE FIRMWARE SERIAL BUS TO ACCESS & IGNITION MODULES

STRATTEC SECURITY CORPORATION / 3333 West Good Hope Road, Milwaukee, WI 53209 / 414.247.3333 / Fax 414.247.3329 March 10, 1999Time: 10:00 a.m. To:FCC Authorization & Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21045-0429 From: Michael FeuchtPhone: (414) 247-3364 Project EngineerFax: (414) 247-3329 Applicant: Strattec Security CorporationE-Mail: [email protected] Dear Ladies and/or Gentlemen: I appoint Kenneth L. Boston and James Blaha at L.S. Compliance, Inc., to act as an agent in the preparation under Part 15 of the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission. I certify that the exhibitions properly describe the device being submitted under this application and will implement any changes described in the test report. The labels described will be affixed to each item. The following statement is required by the Federal Communications Commission: By checking Yes, the applicant certifies that, in the case of an individual applicant, he or she is not subject to a denial of federal benefits, that included FCC benefits, pursuant to section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1998, 21 U.S.C 853 (a), or, in the case of a non-individual applicant (e.g. corporation, partnership, or other unincorporated association), no party to the application is subject to a denial of federal benefits, that includes FCC benefits, pursuant to that section. XYesNo Dated this 10th day of March, 1999 By:Michael Feucht Title:Project Engineer / Strattec Security Corporation Phone:(414) 247-3364

Strattec - Access Control Module and Access Reader

Strattec - Access Module and Reader , Flip Side

Strattec - Access Module FCC ID Label

Strattec - Access Module open for Inspection

Strattec - Access PCB Board , Close-up

Strattec - Access PCB, Foil Side

Strattec - Access Reader Antenna Coil

VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM - ACCESS SYSTEM THEORY OF OPERATION E XECUTIVE S UMMARY The Vehicle Access Control System (VACS) is an RFID based keyless entry and security system designed for package delivery vehicles. This document outlines the operation and theory of the entry portion of VACS called the access system. Following is a summary of the access system topology. Table 1 - Access System Technical Summary Technology Basis: Texas Instruments TIRIS RFID System Transponder: TIRIS RI-TRP-R9QL Disk Type FSK Transmission: 134.2 kHz mark, 122.2 kHz Space 8.7 kbit/s, 101 dBμA/m at 5 cm (max) Receiver Components: RI45538 RFID Receiver IC: 17.1776 Mhz Crystal Oscillator Charging Transmitter: 134.2 kHz, 0.50 Duty Cycle 130 dBμA/m at 5 cm Antenna System: Loop Antenna, 76 μH, Circuit Q ≅ 20 Electronic Control: Motorola 68HC705C8A ,4.000 Mhz Crystal Oscillator Harris CDP68HC68S1 Wire-Line Serial Bus Power Source: 12 Volt Automotive Battery F UNCTIONAL D ESCRIPTION The purpose of the access system is to read transponder codes and unlock / unlatch the vehicle door when the appropriate codes are read. The access system is comprised of four major components: 1) Texas Instruments transponder 2) The access reader, 3) the access control module and 4) an electro-mechanical latching mechanism. The transponder is the passkey to the system, worn on the driver’s wrist, the access reader contains a wire loop antenna, and the access control module contains the TIRIS receiver and microcontroller circuitry. To enter a secured door, the driver places his wristband transponder approximately 10 cm from the exterior mounted access reader. The access control module / loop antenna charge the Access System Theory of OperationMarch 4, 1999 Page 2 transponder and the transponder transmits a 64 bit key code back to the access control module though the same antenna. If the transponder code matches one of the ten key codes stored in access control module memory, the access control module energizes an electro-mechanical latch which unlocks and unlatches the vehicle door for five seconds. The access system also incorporates an automotive serial bus used to share key codes access modules controlling other vehicle doors, if so installed. Following is a technical description of the access system topology. T ECHNICAL D ESCRIPTION All electronic circuitry resides on one double-sided through hole circuit board, with the exception of the loop antenna and electromechanical latch. Details of TIRIS communications are outlined below. TIRIS Communications Transponder Charging The primary function of the access system is to read transponder codes. This is accomplished through the use of the Texas Instruments RI45538 TIRIS receiver IC. The device performs TIRIS transponder charging, data demodulation and synchronization functions as directed by the Motorola MC68HC705C8A microcontroller. A TIRIS read operation involves charging the transponder, then detecting and demodulating the FSK transmission. When directed to charge a transponder, the RI45538 generates two 134.2 kHz logic signals used to gate a push-pull MOSFET power stage. The power stage drives a series resonant circuit consisting of a tuning capacitor and the loop antenna, located in the access reader. A transmission circuit Q of approximately 20 generates an antenna voltage and magnetic field of roughly 50 Volts and 130 dBμA / m at 6 cm respectively. Charging duration is roughly 50 ms. During the charge cycle, voltage induced across the transponder’s loop antenna is rectified and used to charge a power capacitor. Capacitor energy powers the transponder transmitter which is activated after the charge burst has terminated. Data Reception After the transponder has detected the end of the charge burst, it transmits 128 bits of keycode and header information using FSK modulation. Typical space / mark frequencies are 132.4 kHz / 123.2 kHz respectively at a maximum transmission rate of 8.7 kbit/s. Each bit duration is 16 RF cycles yielding a space duration of 119 μs and a mark duration of 130 μs. The maximum Access System Theory of OperationMarch 4, 1999 Page 3 transmission time for 128 bits is 20 ms. Maximum transponder output field strength at 5 cm is 101 dBμA/m. The FSK information is detected by the VACS TIRIS receiver using the same hardware used to generate the charge burst. In receive mode, the antenna circuit is tuned for a slightly lower Q to accommodate the wider FSK bandwidth signal generated by the transponder. The microcontroller disables the RI45538 transmitter to terminate the charge burst, and after a waiting time, the RI45538 decodes the FSK data. Clock information is derived from the FSK signal and the RI45538 generates data bits which are processed by the microcontroller. The access system has two operating modes which affect TIRIS read rate. In active mode, the access system transmits charge bursts every 400 ms. If no transponder is found after 60 minutes, the system enters sleep mode, reducing the burst rate to one transmission every five seconds. Active mode transmission is resumed once a transponder signal is received. Microcontroller Operations The access system utilizes the Motorola MC68HC705CA to coordinate the TIRIS receiver, control code management, and latch / unlatch the vehicle upon valid code reception. A valid code is one which has been previously programmed into the access system’s National Semiconductor NM93C46 EEPROM. Ten keycodes (maximum) and one master code may be stored in memory. The processor interrogates each transponder and compares its code with contents of the EEPROM. When a match is found, the processor activates a digital output which energizes the latch solenoid coil. When a master transponder code is read, the processor places the system in program mode, allowing manipulation of the EEPROM memory. Three programming operations are allowed: a single keycode may be added, all keycodes may be deleted or a new master code may be reprogrammed…

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- VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL MODULE STRATTEC SECURITY CORP. C 11 Wednesday, January 20, 1999 598423AF5 TitleSize Document Number Rev Date: Sheet of 5V 5V 12V 5V_RF 5V 5V_AUX 12V 5V_AUX 5V_AUX 5V_RF 5V_RF 5V_RF 5V 12V 12V 12V 5V VDD VSS 12V12V 12V_F 12V_F 5V VCC 5V 5V GND 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V_AUX 5V_AUX VBATT VBATT A RF D D D D D D D D D RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF D D CONNECT RFGND, DGND ANDAGND TO PGND AT C33/C35 P P P P PP P PP P PP P PP P D D DSPARE2 OUTPUT_2 EECLR=ON BUSIDLE RXCK RED_LED BUSCNTL RED_LED SPARE1 SCAN_INOUTPUT_1 BUSCS RXDT BUSWKUP EECS WDT=OFF TXCTAUXPWR MOSIMISOSCK BUSCLK D51N5245B D21N5245B D111N5245BD121N5245B U4C74HC132 9 10 8 U4D74HC132 1213 11 U4A74HC132 12 3 U4B74HC132 45 6 U168HC705C8A OSC1 43 OSC2 42 RESET 1 IRQ 2 PD0 32 PD5 37 PD7 39 TCAP 41 PA0 12 PA1 11 PA2 10 PA3 9 PA4 8 PA5 7 PA6 6 PA7 5 PB0 13 PB1 14 PB2 15 PB3 16 PB4 17 PB5 19 PB6 20 PB7 21 PC0 31 PC1 30 PC2 29 PC3 28 PC4 27 PC5 26 PC6 25 PC7 24 PD1 33 PD4 36 PD2 34 PD3 35 TCMP 38 VPP 4 C20.1uF C60.1uF C28 0.001uF C29 0.001uF C30 0.001uF C31 330pF C32 330pF C38 0.022uF400V C340.1uF C39 0.1uF C433pF C80.47uF C90.1uF C23 0.1uF C140.1uFC110.1uF C2733pF C10.1uF C3733pF C3633pF C220.1uF C350.1uF C10100pF C130.1uF C333pF C120.047uF C70.1uF C2610uF16V + C33220uF35V + C242200uF10V + C2510uF16V + C547uF10V + U5CDP68HC68S1 CLK 1 VDD 14 A 2 MODE 4 B 3 BUS- 6 BUS+ 5 VSS 7 XMIT 8 REC 9 SCK 10 CS* 11 IDLE* 12 CNTL 13 J1-9 OUTPUT1 9 J1-4 OUTPUT2 4 J1-1 BUS_LO 1 J1-6 BUS_HI 6 J1-8 VBATT 8 J1-10 VBATT 10 J1-5 GND 5 J1-2 INPUT2 2 J1-7 INPUT1 7 J1-3 GND 3 J2-3 RED_CATH 3 J2-7 RED_ANODE 7 J2-6 UNUSED 6 J2-2 UNUSED 2 J2-8 ANT_HI 8 J2-4 ANT_LO 4 Y2 17.1776MHz Y14MHz D3 1N4004 D71N4148 D6 1N4004 D181N4148 D41N4148 D191N4148 D211N4004 D11N4148 D201N4148 D23 1N4004 D26 1N4004 D25 1N4004 D81N4148 D24 1N4004 D17HLMP-1301 U7LP2954IT IN 1 GND 2 OUT 3 U2MC33164IN 2 RSET 1 GND 3 U3 NM93C46 NC 7 VCC 8 DO 4 DI 3 SK 2 CS 1 GND 5 NC 6 Q22N4401Q12N4401 Q12 2N3904 Q32N4401 Q6 2N3904 Q42N3906 R216201/4W R652201/4W R61470K R591M R581M R5315K R5211/4W R5710K R5610K R601M R5410K R5510K R222.2K R152.2K R512.2K R2010K R13 10K R12 10K R11 10K R10 10K R2510K R631K R4 10K R6 10K R3510R3110 R8 10K R64101/2W R14 620 1/2W R21001/4W R621K R19470 R161001/4W R1 620 1/2W R5 10K R7 10K R182.2K R3 10K R23100 R9 10K R17 4.7M R67150K R262.2K R24 100 R34240 R701K R3613K R32150K R46150K R2922K R3333K R3013K R71180K R72150K Q13RFD10P03L 1 23 Q11RFD10P03L 1 2 3 Q14RFD14N05L 1 23 U6 RI-RFM-006A-00 A3OP 1 A3IN 2 A2OP 3 A2IN 4 A1OP 5 A1IN 6 TXLO 7 TXHI 8 OSCI 9 OSCO 10 GND 11 VCC 12 TPC 13 TXCT* 14 RXDT 15 RXCK 16 S1SW DIP-4 1234 8765 D22 SA20A K1 V2R RELAY 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 RV1V24ZA50 R73 NOT USED 1/2W J2-5 UNUSED 5 J2-1 UNUSED 1

L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 0 of 27 COMPLIANCE TESTING OF THE VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM - T EST R EPORT - Project Number: 90054 Prepared for: Michael Feucht Strattec Security Systems 3333 W. Good Hope Rd. Glendale, WI 53209-2043 Date(s) tests were performed: March 22 nd , 1999 L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 1 of 27 All results of this report relate only to the items that were tested. This report is not to be reproduced, except in full, without written approval of L.S.Compliance, Inc. L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 2 of 27 Table of Contents: SectionDescriptionPage # Index1 1.1 Description of Measurement Facilities2 1.2Signature Page3 1.3Summary of Test Report4 1.4Introduction5 1.5Purpose5 1.6Radiated Emission Test Setup5 1.7Radiated Emission Test Procedure6 1.8Test Equipment Utilized for Radiated Emission7 1.9Restricted Bands (Frequencies and Limits)8 1.10Photos taken during testing9 1.11Summary of Results and Conclusions12 1.12Test Equipment List13 AppendicesASample Calculations:14 i.Calculation of Radiated Emissions Limits15 ii.Resultant Limits16 BData Charts17 CGraphs20 L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 3 of 27 1.1 D ESCRIPTION OF M EASUREMENT F ACILITIES Site on File with the FCC ID Number: 31040/SIT 1300F2 “ The site referenced above has been found to comply with the test site criteria found in ANSI C63.4-1992 and Title 47CFR, FCC Part 15 Section 2.948.” L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 4 of 27 1.2 SIGNATURE PAGE Prepared By: 27 April 1999 Date Approved By: 27 April 1999 Kenneth L. Boston, EMC Lab Manager Date PE #31926 Registered Professional Engineer (State of Wisconsin) L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 5 of 27 1.3 S UMMARY OF T EST R EPORT MANUFACTURER:Strattec Security Systems MODEL:Vehicle Access Control System SERIAL:preproduction DESCRIPTION:Access Control System The Access Control System was found to “meet” the radiated emission specification of Title 47 CFR, FCC Part 15, subpart C, for an intentional radiator. No conducted emissions tests were performed, due to the product not being powered off of the public AC power mains. The Access Control System was also found to “meet” the radiated emission specification of Title 47 CFR FCC Part 15, subpart B for emissions with regards to the class B digital sections of the product. This product is a composite device, with the digital section subject to verification. Therefore this technical report will primary contain data that is pertinent to the certification of the transmitter section of the product. L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 6 of 27 1.4 I NTRODUCTION On March 22 nd of 1999, a series of Radiated Emissions tests were performed on a sample model of the Vehicle Access Control System.(VACS) This is a transceiver, which is designed to read transponder codes and unlock/ unlatch the vehicle door when the appropriate codes are read. To enter a secured door, the driver places his wristband transponder approximately 10cm from the exterior mounted access reader. The VACS loop antenna will charge the transponder, then upon the VACS ceasing to transmit, the transponder transmits a 128 bit key code back to the access control module though the same antenna. If the transponder code matches one of the ten key codes stored in the VACS memory, the access control module energizes an electro-mechanical latch, which unlocks and unlatches the vehicle door for five seconds. These tests were performed using the test procedures outlined in ANSI C63.4-1992 for intentional radiators, and in accordance with the general limits set forth in FCC Part 15.209 for a low power transmitter. Tests were also performed as outlined in ANSI C63.4-1992 for non-intentional radiators, in order to allow verification of emissions from the digital section of the product. These tests were performed by Thomas T. Lee, of L. S. Compliance, Inc. and witnessed by Jerome Alberte of Strattec Security Systems. 1.5 P URPOSE The above mentioned tests were performed in order to determine the compliance of the product with limits contained in various provisions of Title 47 CFR, FCC Part 15, including: 15.10915.209 15.205 All radiated emissions tests were performed to measure the emissions in the frequency bands described by the above sections, and to determine whether said emissions are below the limits established by the above sections. These tests were performed in accordance with the procedure described in the American National Standard for methods of measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz (ANSI C63.4-1992). Another document used as reference for the EMI receiver specification was the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) number 16-1 (1993). 1.6 R ADIATED E MISSIONS T EST S ETUP The test sample was operated within the 3 meter Semi-Anechoic, FCC listed chamber located at L.S. Compliance in Cedarburg, WI. and also on the 10 meter Open Air Test Site located outside the L.S. Compliance facility. The test sample was operated with power supplied by an external DC rechargeable battery. The test sample was positioned upon an 80 cm high wooden table, which was positioned upon the 2 meter turntable within the chamber. The measurement antenna, mounted upon a motorized mast was then placed 3 meters from the product perimeter. This allowed the reader to be scanned in both azimuth and elevation. For low frequency measurements, the product was operated while positioned upon the same table, positioned upon L. S. COMPLIANCE, Inc. FCC ID: OHTVACS599072 LSC-StrttecAccess-90054 Page 7 of 27 the 2-meter turntable located on the 10 meter OATS facility. The measurement antenna, an active loop antenna, was p…

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