SQG-SONAIF513Sona IF513 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6E Module with Bluetooth 5.4

Datasheet Sona™ IF513 Version 0.2 https://www.ezurio.com/ 2 © Copyright 2024 Ezurio All Rights Reserved Americas: +1-800-492-2320 Europe: +44-1628-858-940 Hong Kong: +852-2762-4823 Sona IF513 Datasheet Revision History Version Date Notes Contributors Approver 0.1 27 May 2024 Preliminary release Jacky Kuo Andy Ross 0.2 8 Aug 2024 Updated Specifications. Updated Reliability Test. Jacky Kuo Connie Lin Andy Ross https://www.ezurio.com/ 3 © Copyright 2024 Ezurio All Rights Reserved Americas: +1-800-492-2320 Europe: +44-1628-858-940 Hong Kong: +852-2762-4823 Sona IF513 Datasheet Contents 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 General Description ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 3 Sona IF513 Series Feature Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 4 Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 5 WLAN Functional Description .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 5.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 6 Bluetooth Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 7 Block Diagrams ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 7.1 M.2 1216 Solder-Down type ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 7.2 M.2 2230 Key-E card ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 8 Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 8.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 8.2 Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 8.3 DC Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 8.4 WLAN Radio Receiver Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 8.5 WLAN Transmitter Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 9 Bluetooth Radio Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 10 Crystal Oscillator Requirements ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 11 Host Interface Specifications ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 11.1 SDIO Specifications ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 11.1.1 Default mode and High-Speed mode............................................................................................................................................................................. 28 11.1.2 SDIO bus clock timing specifications in SDR mode ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 11.1.3 SDIO Bus Input Timin…

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Federal Communications Commission 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia MD 21046 Subject: Ezurio LLC and SQG Attestation Statement Reference: a) FCC CFR section 2.911(d)(5)(i) b) FCC Section 2.911(d)(5)(ii) c) FCC Section 2.911(d)(7) a) [Ezurio LLC] certifies that the equipment [FCC ID: SQG-SONAIF513] for which authorization is sought is not “covered” equipment prohibited from receiving an equipment authorization pursuant to section 2.903 of the FCC rules; b) [Ezurio LLC] certifies that, as of the date of the filing of the application, the applicant [is not] identified on the Covered List (as a specifically named entity or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates) published on September 03, 2024 by Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau (PSHSB) per Section 1.50002 of the Commission’s rules, as an entity producing “covered” equipment. c) [Ezurio LLC] as required by section 2.911(d)(7), will also serve as the agent for service of process for the above referenced FCC Grantee Code. The service of process includes, but is not limited to, delivery of any correspondence, notices, orders, decisions, and requirements of administrative, legal, or judicial process related to Commission proceedings. The applicant acknowledges that they will maintain an agent for service of process in the United States for no less than one year after either the grantee has permanently terminated all marketing and importation of the applicable equipment within the U.S., or the conclusion of any Commission-related administrative or judicial proceeding involving the equipment, whichever is later. The applicant further acknowledges their responsibility to inform the FCC whenever the following agent information changes. Designated Agent Company Name: Ezurio LLC Grantee Code: SQG Contact Name: Brian Petted, Technology Leader Street Address: W66 N220 Commerce Court City/Province/Zip: Cedarburg, Wisconsin, 53012 Telephone No: (262)-421-4974 Email: [email protected] FRN: 0022590616 Sincerely yours, Signed by the Applicant Name: Brian Petted Title: Technology Leader Date: 2024-11-11

Date: 2024/11/11 Federal Communications Commission 7435 Oakland Mills Rd Columbia MD 21046-1609 Subject: Product Certification Representative Authorization Letter FCC ID: SQG-SONAIF513 Product name: Sona IF513 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6E Module with Bluetooth 5.4 To whom it may concern: We the undersigned, hereby authorize following person to act as our agent in the preparation of an application for equipment authorization of model Sona IF513 to the FCC Rules and Regulations. International Certification Corp. Address : No.3-1, Lane 6, Wen San 3rd St. Kwei Shan Dist., TaoYuan City 333, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Name : Gary Chang Job Title : Manager e- mail : [email protected] Webs We further certifies that neither the applicant nor any party to this application, as defined in 47 CFR Ch. 1.2002(b), is subject to a denial to Federal benefits, that include FCC benefits, pursuant to section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1998, 21 U.S.C. 862. This appointment also includes the authority to complete FCC Form 731 on our behalf and sign the application as an authorized agent. Ezurio LLC Brian Petted Technology Leader [email protected] Tel: 262-421 -4974

Confidentiality Request Letter Date: 2024/11/11 Federal Communications Commission Authorization and Evaluation Division FCC ID：SQG-SONAIF513 Permanent Confidentiality Request Pursuant to Sections 0.457 and 0.459 of the Commission’s Rules, the Applicant Hereby requests confidential treatment of information accompanying this Application As outlined below: 1. Block Diagram 2. Circuit Diagram 3. Operational Description The above materials contain trade secrets and proprietary information not customarily released to the public. The public disclosure of these matters might be harmful to the Applicant and provide unjustified benefits to its competitors. The Applicant understands that pursuant to Rule 0.457, disclosure of this Application and all accompanying documentation will not be made before the date of the Grant for this application Sincerely, Ezurio LLC Brian Petted Technology Leader [email protected] Tel: 262-421 -4974

Date: November 11, 2024 Federal Communications Commission 7435 Oakland Mills Rd Columbia MD 21046-1609 Subject: Declaration letter for Indoor Client 6XD FCC ID: SQG-SONAIF513 To whom it may concern: We, Ezurio LLC, attest that this device under FCC ID SQG-SONAIF513 complies with device protocol requirements and operational restrictions: for Indoor Client 6XD. 1. Device Protocol Attestation Statement: a. Contention-Based Protocol, as demonstrated in the test report, is permanently embedded in the module and is not host-dependent. b. The device will only associate and connect with a low-power indoor access point or subordinate device and never directly connect to other client devices. c. The device will always initiate transmission under the control of a low-power indoor AP or subordinate except for brief transmissions before joining a network. These short messages will only occur if the client has detected an indoor AP or subordinate operating on a channel. These brief messages will have a time-out mechanism such that if it does not receive a response from an AP it will not continually repeat the request. d. Transmissions will be lower or equal to the power advertised by the indoor low-power access point or subordinate and never above the maximum output power allowed by the FCC grant for equipment class 6XD. 2. Understanding of Statement acknowledging device restrictions a. The device is prohibited for control of or communications with unmanned aircraft systems, including drones. Ezurio LLC Brian Petted Technology Leader [email protected] Tel: 262-421 -4974

Modular Approval Request FCC (KDB 996369 D01 & Part 15.212) FCC ID: SQG-SONAIF513 Items to be covered by Single modular transmitters. Answer from applicant 1. The modular transmitter must have its own RF shielding. The modular has a shielding Case. Please refer to EUT Photo. 2. The modular transmitter must have buffered modulation/data inputs (if such inputs are provided) to ensure that the module will comply with Part 15 requirements under conditions of excessive data rates or over-modulation. The component number is CYW55513IUBGT 3. The modular transmitter must have its own power supply regulation. The component number is CYW55513IUBGT 4. The modular transmitter must comply with the antenna requirements of Section 15.203 and 15.204(b)(c). The antenna must either be permanently attached or employ a “unique” antenna coupler (at all connections between the module and the antenna, including the cable). Antenna Connectors is IPEX MHF4L and RP-SMA. And no external amplifier will be used with this modular. 5. The modular transmitter must be tested in a stand-alone configuration, i.e., the module must not be inside another device during testing. This is intended to demonstrate that the module is capable of complying with Part 15 emission limits regardless of the device into which it is eventually installed. This modular is tested under stand-alone configuration. Please refer to Test setup photo. 6. The modular transmitter must be equipped with either a permanently affixed label or must be capable of electronically displaying its FCC identification number in accordance with 15.212 (a)(1)(vi)(A) / (B). The modular transmitter is labeled with its own FCC ID number. Please refer to label sample and label location. 7. The modular transmitter must comply with any specific rule or operating requirements applicable to the transmitter and the manufacturer must provide adequate instructions along with the module to explain any such requirements. A copy of these instructions must be included in the application for equipment authorization. For example, there are very strict operational and timing requirements that must be met before a transmitter is authorized for operation under Section 15.231. For instance, data transmission is prohibited, except for operation under Section 15.231(e), in which case there are separate field strength level and timing requirements. Compliance with these requirements must be assured. The modular complies with this requirement. Please refer to user manual. 8. The modular transmitter must comply with any applicable RF exposure requirements. For example, FCC Rules in Sections 1.1310, 2.1091, 2.1093, and specific Sections of Part 15, including 15.319(i), 15.407(f), 15.253(f) and 15.255(g), require that Unlicensed PCS, UNII and millimeter wave devices perform routine environmental evaluation for RF Exposure to demonstrate compliance. In addition, spread spectrum transmitters operating under Section 15.247 are required to address RF Exposure compliance. Modular transmitters approved under other Sections of Part 15, when necessary, may also need to address certain RF Exposure concerns, typically by providing specific installation and operating instructions for users, installers and other interested parties to ensure compliance. The device complies with this requirement. Please refer to RF exposure report. Name and surname of applicant (or authorized representative): __________________ Date: ___05 December 2024____ Signature: ___________________________

Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 1 of 34 Photographs of EUT Part No. 453-00184 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 2 of 34 Part No. 453-00185 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 3 of 34 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 4 of 34 Part No. 453-00186 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 5 of 34 Part No. 453-00193 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 6 of 34 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 7 of 34 Part No. 453-00194 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 8 of 34 Part No. 453-00195 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 9 of 34 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 10 of 34 Part No. 453-00213 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 11 of 34 Part No. 453-00214 Project No.: EP460601 Page No. : 12 of 34

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION 1.50 16.00 ±0.13 12.00 ±0.13 1.25 1 0.60 ±0.10 (RF connector) 0.45 1.81 ±0.15 PCB Surface Flatness Tolerances:+/-0.1mm Pin 1 Pin 1 REVISIONS REV.DESCRIPTIONDATEAPPROVED 1-1Initial releaseJun 16, 2023AC ITEM NO.PART NUMBER REV. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1940-00306 2-2 PCBA, Sona IF513 Module, MHF4L 1 1-1 453-00184 SHEET 1 OF 1 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: REV DWG. NO.SIZE TITLE: DATE INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER: ASME 14.5M DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS TOLERANCES: ANGULAR: X.X X.XX 5 4 32 1 6 7 8 A B C D E F 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 F E D C B A B Module, Sona IF513, MHF4L CAD FILE: 453-00184 ± .5 ± .2 ± .1 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS LAIRD EZURIO INFORMATION. REPRODUCTION, USE, DISCLOSURE OR TRANSMITTAL OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PROHIBITED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF EZURIO. EZURIO RESERVES ALL RIGHTS UNDER PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, COPY RIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS. COPYRIGHT, EZURIO 2024, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION 12.00 ±0.13 16.00 ±0.13 1 0.45 1.81 ±0.15 PCB Surface Flatness Tolerances:+/-0.1mm Pin 1 Pin 1 REVISIONS REV.DESCRIPTIONDATEAPPROVED 1-1Initial releaseJun 16, 2023AC 1-2Shield add MIC IDMay 31, 2024AC ITEM NO.PART NUMBER REV. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1940-00307 2-2 PCBA, Sona IF513 Module, Trace Pin 1 1-2 453-00185 SHEET 1 OF 1 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: REV DWG. NO.SIZE TITLE: DATE INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER: ASME 14.5M DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS TOLERANCES: ANGULAR: X.X X.XX 5 4 32 1 6 7 8 A B C D E F 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 F E D C B A B Module, Sona IF513, Trace Pin CAD FILE: 453-00185 ± .5 ± .2 ± .1 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS LAIRD EZURIO INFORMATION. REPRODUCTION, USE, DISCLOSURE OR TRANSMITTAL OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PROHIBITED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF EZURIO. EZURIO RESERVES ALL RIGHTS UNDER PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, COPY RIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS. COPYRIGHT, EZURIO 2024, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION 12.00 ±0.13 16.00 ±0.13 6.00 4.50 1.25 1 0.45 1.81 ±0.15 0.60 ±0.10 (RF connector) Pin 1 PCB Surface Flatness Tolerances:+/-0.1mm Pin 1 REVISIONS REV.DESCRIPTIONDATEAPPROVED 1-1Initial releaseAug 2, 2023AC ITEM NO.PART NUMBER REV. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1940-00328 2-2 PCBA, Sona IF513 Module, Antenna Diversity, MHF4L 1 1-1 453-00193 SHEET 1 OF 1 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: REV DWG. NO.SIZE TITLE: DATE INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER: ASME 14.5M DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS TOLERANCES: ANGULAR: X.X X.XX 5 4 32 1 6 7 8 A B C D E F 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 F E D C B A B Module, Sona IF513, Antenna Diversity, MHF4L CAD FILE: 453-00193 ± .5 ± .2 ± .1 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS LAIRD EZURIO INFORMATION. REPRODUCTION, USE, DISCLOSURE OR TRANSMITTAL OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PROHIBITED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF EZURIO. EZURIO RESERVES ALL RIGHTS UNDER PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, COPY RIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS. COPYRIGHT, EZURIO 2024, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

TWX-100Bcc3B WiFi 7/6E Whip Antenna The Joymax TWX-100Bcc3B antenna is a blade-style, dipole antenna designed for use in 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz bands supporting WiFi 7, WiFi 6E, and WiFi 6 applica- tions. The tilt/swivel design allows the antenna to be posi- tioned for optimum performance and reduces the po- tential for damage from impact compared to a fixed whip design. The antenna is available with an RP-SMA Plug (female socket) or SMA plug (male pin) connector. Features ● Broad bandwidth 2.4 GHz to 7.125 GHz ● Performance at 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz VSWR: ≤ 1.6 Peak Gain: 2.6 dBi Efficiency: 71% ● Performance at 5150 MHz to 7125 MHz VSWR: ≤ 3.0 Peak Gain: 4.4 dBi Efficiency: 58% ● Hinged design with detents for straight, 45 degree and 90 degree positioning ● RP-SMA plug (female socket) or SMA plug (male pin) connector Applications ● WiFi/WLAN applications: WiFi 7 (802.11be) WiFi 6E (802.11ax) WiFi 6 (802.11ax) WiFi 5 (802.11ac) WiFi 4 (802.11n) ● 2.4 GHz ISM applications: Bluetooth® ZigBee® Thread® IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b/g ● Internet of Things (IoT) devices ● Networking routers / gateways Part Number Description TWX-100BRS3B WiFi 6E WiFi 7 Tilt/Swivel Whip Antenna with RP-SMA plug (female) connector TWX-100BSA3B WiFi 6E WiFi 7 Tilt/Swivel Whip Antenna with SMA plug (male) connector Ordering Information Available from Joymax Electronics and select distributors and representatives. Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® 2 Figure 1. Antenna Packaging Table 1: Electrical Specifications TWX-100Bcc3B WiFi / WLAN Band (MHz) Frequency Range 2400~2500 5150~5850 5925~7125 VSWR (Max) 1.6 1.5 3.0 Peak Gain (dBi) 2.6 4.3 4.4 Average Gain (dBi) -1.5 -2.5 -2.5 Efficiency (%) 71 57 58 Polarization Linear Radiation Omni directional Max Power 1 W Wavelength ½-λ Electrical Type Dipole Impedance 50 Ω Electrical specifications and plots measured with antenna in a straight orientation without ground plane. Table 2: Mechanical Specifications Parameter Value Connection RP-SMA Plug (female socket) or SMA Plug (male pin) Operating Temp. -30 ̊ C to +70 ̊ C Weight 15 g Dimension 124 mm (Straight) x ⌀13 mm Antenna Color Black Ingress Protection N/A Packaging Information The TWX-100Bcc3B antennas are individually sealed in a clear plastic bag. Figure 1. 500 pcs per carton, 320 mm x 250 mm x 230 mm (12.6 in x 9.8 in x 9.1 in), total weight 8.5 kgs (18.74 lb) Distribution channels may offer alternative packaging options. TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® 3 Product Dimensions Figure 2 provides dimensions of the TWX-100Bcc3B. The antenna blade can be tilted 90 degrees, and has a detent at 45 degrees enabling the antenna to be oriented in any direction. The rotating base al- lows for continuous positioning through 360 degrees even while installed. Antenna Orientation The TWX-100Bcc3B antenna is characterized in two antenna orientations as shown in Figure 3. The an- tenna straight orientation characterizes use of an antenna attached to an enclosure-mounted connector which is connected by cable to the VNA. Although the antenna is a dipole not requiring a ground plane for function, characterization with an adjacent ground plane (120 mm x 120 mm) provides insight into antenna performance when attached directly to a printed circuit board mounted connector. The two orientations represent the most common end-product use cases. Figure 2. Antenna Dimensions Figure 3. Antenna Test Orientation TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® Straight, without ground plane On edge of ground plane, bent 90 degrees 4 VSWR Figure 5 provides the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the antenna bandwidth. VSWR is a function of the reflection coefficient, which describes the power reflected from the antenna back to the radio. A lower VSWR value indicates better antenna performance at a given frequency. Reflected power is also shown on the right-side vertical axis as a gauge of the percentage of transmitter power reflected back from the antenna. Figure 5. Antenna VSWR, Straight without ground plane Figure 4. Straight orientation, without ground plane TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® STRAIGHT, NO GROUND PLANE The charts on the following pages represent data taken with the antenna oriented straight, as shown in Figure 4. 2400250051505850 5925 7125 0 10 20 30 40 1 2 3 4 5 200030004000500060007000 Reflected Power (%) VSWR Frequency (MHz) 5 Return Loss Return loss (Figure 6), represents the loss in power at the antenna due to reflected signals. Like VSWR, a lower return loss value indicates better antenna performance at a given frequency. Figure 6. Antenna Return Loss, Straight without ground plane TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® Peak Gain The peak gain across the antenna bandwidth is shown in Figure 7. Peak gain represents the maximum antenna input power concentration across 3-dimensional space, and therefore peak performance at a given frequency, but does not consider any directionality in the gain pattern. Figure 7. Antenna Peak Gain, Straight without ground plane 240025005150585059257125 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 200030004000500060007000 Return Loss (dB) Frequency (MHz) 240025005150585059257125 -5 0 5 10 200030004000500060007000 Peak Gain (dBi) Frequency (MHz) 6 Average Gain Average gain (Figure 8), is the average of all antenna gain in 3-dimensional space at each frequency, providing an indication of overall performance without expressing antenna directionality. Figure 8. Antenna Average Gain, Straight without ground plane Figure 9. Antenna Efficiency, Straight without ground plane TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® Radiation Efficiency Radiation efficiency (Figure 9), shows the ratio of power radiated by the antenna relative to the power supplied to the antenna, expressed as a percentage, where a higher percentage indicates better perfor- mance at a given frequency. An ideal antenna has 100% efficiency. But in really world, usually an exter- nal antenna radiates only 50~60% of power supplied to …

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8 Figure 10-1. Antenna Radiation Patterns, Straight without ground plane TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz (6525 MHz) XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain 5925 MHz 6525 MHz 7125 MHz EnJOY MAX Wireless® 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz (5550 MHz) 5150 MHz 5550 MHz 5850 MHz XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain 9 VSWR Figure 12 provides the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the antenna bandwidth. VSWR is a function of the reflection coefficient, which describes the power reflected from the antenna back to the radio. A lower VSWR value indicates better antenna performance at a given frequency. Reflected power is also shown on the right-side vertical axis as a gauge of the percentage of transmitter power reflected back from the antenna. Figure 12. Antenna VSWR, Edge Bent 90 Degrees Figure 11. On edge of ground plane, Bent 90 Degrees TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® EDGE OF GROUND PLANE, BENT 90 DEGREES The charts on the following pages represent data taken with the antenna oriented at the edge of the ground plane, bent 90 degrees (Edge-Bent), as shown in Figure 11. 2400250051505850 5925 7125 0 10 20 30 40 1 2 3 4 5 200030004000500060007000 Reflected Power (%) VSWR Frequency (MHz) 10 Return Loss Return loss (Figure 13), represents the loss in power at the antenna due to reflected signals. Like VSWR, a lower return loss value indicates better antenna performance at a given frequency. Figure 13. Antenna Return Loss, Edge Bent 90 Degrees TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® Peak Gain The peak gain across the antenna bandwidth is shown in Figure 14. Peak gain represents the maximum antenna input power concentration across 3-dimensional space, and therefore peak performance at a given frequency, but does not consider any directionality in the gain pattern. Figure 14. Antenna Peak Gain, Edge Bent 90 Degrees 240025005150585059257125 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 200030004000500060007000 Return Loss (dB) Frequency (MHz) 240025005150585059257125 -5 0 5 10 200030004000500060007000 Peak Gain (dBi) Frequency (MHz) 11 Average Gain Average gain (Figure 15), is the average of all antenna gain in 3-dimensional space at each frequency, providing an indication of overall performance without expressing antenna directionality. Figure 15. Antenna Average Gain, Edge Bent 90 Degrees Figure 16. Antenna Efficiency, Edge Bent 90 Degrees TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet EnJOY MAX Wireless® Radiation Efficiency Radiation efficiency (Figure 16), shows the ratio of power radiated by the antenna relative to the power supplied to the antenna, expressed as a percentage, where a higher percentage indicates better perfor- mance at a given frequency. An ideal antenna has 100% efficiency. But in really world, usually an exter- nal antenna radiates only 50~60% of power supplied to it. 2400250051505850 5925 7125 -10 -5 0 5 10 200030004000500060007000 Average Gain (dBi) Frequency (MHz) 240025005150585059257125 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200030004000500060007000 Efficiency (%) Frequency (MHz) 12 Radiation Patterns Radiation patterns provide information about the directionality and 3-dimensional gain performance of the antenna by plotting gain at specific frequencies in three orthogonal planes. Antenna radiation patterns for a straight orientation are shown in Figure 17 using polar plots covering 360 degrees. The antenna graphic at the top of the page provides reference to the plane of the column of plots below it. Figure 17. Antenna Radiation Patterns, Edge Bent 90 Degrees TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz (2450 MHz) XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain 2400 MHz 2450 MHz 2500 MHz EnJOY MAX Wireless® XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain

13 Figure 17-1. Antenna Radiation Patterns, Edge Bent 90 Degrees TWX-100Bcc3B Datasheet 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz (6525 MHz) XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain 5925 MHz 6525 MHz 7125 MHz EnJOY MAX Wireless® XZ-Plane Gain YZ-Plane Gain XY-Plane Gain 5150 MHz 5550 MHz 5850 MHz 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz (5550 MHz) 14 Antenna FAQs Q: What is an antenna? An antenna is used for transmission or reception of radio signals in wireless communication. Q: How do antennas work? Electricity flowing into the transmitter antenna makes electrons vibrate up and down it, producing radio waves. The radio waves travel through the air at the speed of light. When the waves arrive at the receiv- er antenna, they make electrons vibrate inside it. Q: Does antenna size matter? A bigger antenna, properly designed, will always have more gain than a smaller one. And it will be the best kind of gain, much better than using a small antenna and simply over-amplifying it, because a small antenna just won’t pull in truly weak signals like this gigantic one will. Q: What is the advantage of external antennas? External antennas usually offer better bandwidth and high performance due to the nature of their larger size. This often results in a higher rated gain (dBi) than their internal …

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